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If you’re allergy-prone, this time of year goes hand in hand with itchy eyes, congestion, heavy sneezing, and other unpleasant allergy symptoms. Here’s a quick primer on how to prepare for spring allergies.

The Best Ways to Prepare for Seasonal Allergies

Spring brings everything out of hibernation: baseball, perennials, and seasonal allergies, as millions of people in the U.S. unfortunately know all too well. If you’re allergy-prone, this time of year goes hand in hand with itchy eyes, congestion, heavy sneezing, and other unpleasant allergy symptoms. The good news is that small preventative steps, like extra cleaning and paying attention to pollen counts, can reduce your exposure to allergens. Here’s a quick primer on how to prepare for spring allergies.

Spring is a time of growth and renewal, and the science responsible for the fresh green leaves is also what causes pollen allergy symptoms. Pollen is a tiny grain that’s essential for plant reproduction. While some plant varieties count on insects to carry the tiny particles from one plant to another, others — like grasses and native trees including oaks, cedars, and birches — are wind-pollinated. That means these plants produce vast amounts of pollen to ensure the next generation of plants have a high chance of reproduction. Unfortunately for your sinuses, it can trigger allergic reactions that are uncomfortable and irritating.

As you’re waiting for winter to end, you may find that your allergy symptoms have already arrived. Trees start to release their pollen in late winter and early spring, while grasses pollinate in late spring. There’s lots of regional variation too, so depending on which part of the country you live in, you might experience pollen allergy symptoms as early as February or as late as fall.

While wind pollination is the primary source of seasonal allergies, mold also releases spores in the spring which travel by wind and can cause allergy symptoms.

What are the most common allergy symptoms?

As spring breezes begin to disperse pollen and mold spores, the body’s immune system goes into overdrive, leading to allergy symptoms like the following:

Hives may occur in some cases, though they are rare.

People with asthma should take extra precautions, as the same substances that trigger seasonal allergies — and even those that trigger year-round allergies, like pet dander — can also trigger acute asthma attacks. Allergy-triggered asthma, which is relatively common in children, affects the lungs and may lead to coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, or rapid breathing.

With COVID-19, this year’s spring season poses some additional challenges for asthma sufferers, even as vaccination numbers increase. If you have asthma, follow the suggestions below on how to prevent spring allergies and learn more about asthma coping strategies during COVID.

We can’t change how susceptible our bodies are to allergies or asthma, but we do have some control in preparing for seasonal allergies and preventing pollen allergy symptoms. Here are three prevention tips.

After more than a year of travel restrictions, remote work, and limited access to public spaces, we’re all understandably eager to spend lots of time outdoors, where — you guessed it — there’s plenty of pollen in the air. You can limit your exposure to allergens and reduce your chances of an allergic reaction by taking a few extra steps before going outside. Check the local pollen count online — most weather apps include this as well — and take allergy medication in advance if the forecast is high. Pollen counts are typically highest in the morning, so consider opting for an indoor workout rather than an early run. In general, it’s best to stay inside when it’s dry and windy while rainy days offer a reprieve for allergy sufferers.

You’re unlikely to completely eliminate all allergens from your house, but there are some steps you can take to keep indoor air as clean as possible:

Turn on the AC instead of opening the windows when pollen counts are high.

Use a dehumidifier to keep indoor air dry — while dry days have higher pollen counts, too much humidity indoors can lead to mold growth and dust mites, intensifying allergy symptoms.

Vacuum at least once a week, ideally using a vacuum cleaner with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, which catches smaller particles like allergens.

When you’re ready to head home, avoid bringing the pollen back with you by changing and washing your clothes and taking off your shoes as soon as you’re back. Drying clothes in a dryer is better than putting them on a clothesline, where they’ll likely gather more pollen.

Top Over-the-Counter Treatments for Seasonal Allergies

There are a variety of medications used to manage allergy symptoms, including the over-the-counter treatments below. It may take some trial and error to find the best relief for your seasonal allergies, so if you’re still sniffly after exploring several options, don’t worry: a healthcare provider can work with you to find the best solution for your needs.

A saline sinus rinse flushes allergens out of your nose to relieve congestion.

Oral antihistamines like Claritin, Allegra, and Zyrtec are helpful for sneezing, itchy, runny nose, and watery eyes.

Decongestants like Afrin and Sudafed offer temporary relief from congestion, but they should only be used for a few days, as longer-term use may aggravate allergy symptoms.

Nasal sprays like Flonase and Nasacort ease pollen allergy symptoms and can be used preventatively even before symptoms appear.

Learn more about how to manage any potential medication side effects.

If your seasonal allergies persist even after preventative steps and over-the-counter medicine, there are other treatment options that may bring you more lasting relief. Our team of patient care pharmacists will work with your doctor to get you the allergy medications you're prescribed at the lowest cost, and we’re happy to answer your questions about allergy symptoms, asthma, or any other health concern. Download the mobile app for secure messaging or call 1-800-874-5881. 

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Here’s what you should know about the link between mental health and heart disease, including heart-healthy ways to navigate emotional lows and manage stress.

How Mental Health Affects Heart Health

Prioritizing mental health doesn’t only improve your moods and relationships, it can potentially lower your risk for heart attack or stroke, too. Heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, is deeply intertwined with some of the most widespread mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. 

In fact, the connection goes both ways: mental health affects heart health, and cardiovascular disease can contribute to mental health disorders. Here’s what you should know about the link between mental health and heart disease, including heart-healthy ways to navigate emotional lows and manage stress.

Heart disease might seem like a purely physical issue, but mental health affects heart health. Up to 40% of people affected by heart disease also fulfill the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, one of the most common mental health disorders and the most frequently diagnosed type of depression in the U.S. At the same time, people with depression face a higher risk for heart disease.

Statistics like these go to show that our mind and body will always influence each other. The connection is both behavioral and physiological: our thoughts and emotions shape our habits and routines — like how well we sleep, how often we exercise, and how we cope with stress — in addition to impacting heart rate, blood flow, and cortisol levels. And, in turn, our physical health has the power to impact our emotional and social well-being.

Mental Health Disorders and Risk Factors for Heart Disease

According to the CDC, more than half of all Americans will be diagnosed with some type of mental health disorder in their lifetime. And since mental health affects heart health, the prevalence of mental health disorders in the U.S. also means that millions of Americans are at higher risk for heart disease.

The primary drivers of heart disease include both uncontrollable factors like age and family history and ones that we can either modify or treat, including smoking, physical inactivity, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. The correlation between mental health and heart disease stems in part from the overlap between behaviors associated with mental health disorders and risk factors for heart disease. For example, anxiety and depression are both linked to smoking and less active lifestyles.

On top of these key physical risks, there are additional factors for heart disease that relate to your mental well-being, including sleeping habits, alcohol use, diet, and even how happy you feel at work. Given the link between mental health and heart disease, any efforts you make on the self-care front, like prioritizing rest or exploring where you find professional and personal fulfillment, can only help to boost heart health.

Beyond Behavior: Physiological Effects of Mental Health Disorders

The link between mental health and heart disease doesn’t only occur indirectly through behaviors that lead to higher risk. Research has found that mental health disorders cause changes in the body that overlap with risk factors for heart disease, including:

Gradually, these physiological effects can lead to calcium accumulation in the arteries and the development of heart disease. 

A variety of mental health disorders influence a person’s risk for heart disease, from anxiety to PTSD and chronic stress, but the heart-head connection is particularly strong with depression. Not only are people with depression more likely to develop heart disease, they also face a worse prognosis. Depression can intensify fatigue and contribute to isolation after serious cardiac events, complicating recovery from surgery, heart attacks, and strokes. In addition, heart disease patients with depression may face a higher risk for premature death as well as longer or more frequent hospitalizations. 

Research has also found that while having both heart disease and anxiety doubles a patient’s risk of fatality, the combination of depression and heart disease triples it. It’s important for people with heart disease to proactively address symptoms of depression if they appear, regardless of whether they’ve dealt with depression before.

Because of the heavy emotional toll of a heart attack, depression is even more common after this type of serious cardiac event than with heart disease overall. The National Institute of Mental Health reports that up to 65% of cardiovascular disease patients who’ve had a heart attack experience depression.

After a heart attack you may have new or deeper feelings of anxiety given the uncertainty of your future. Stepping back from regular roles and responsibilities at work or with family while you recover can bring up complicated feelings and impact your sense of identity. 

And if lifestyle habits contributed to your heart attack risk, you may feel a sense of guilt as well. These are all understandable, natural reactions. The important thing is to keep moving forward by taking ownership of your health, which may include seeking mental health treatment. Remember, there’s no shame in getting the support you need, and, in fact, doing so is vital to your physical recovery. 

What’s Good for the Heart is Good for the Mind

The good news is that taking care of your mental health often looks exactly the same as taking care of your heart. Lifestyle changes that help manage heart disease, like following a balanced diet, drinking less, and getting those steps in, can also alleviate symptoms of depression and other mental health disorders.

Plus, happy thoughts are literally good for the heart. Some research suggests that patients with positive outlooks are more likely to make vital lifestyle changes following a heart attack, while gratitude is linked to lower levels of inflammation and better overall heart health. Of course, it’s more difficult to practice gratitude when you’re experiencing the isolation of clinical depression, so if you’re dealing with symptoms, remember that seeking help is taking charge of your well-being — and your heart.

The next time you’re feeling stressed or anxious, center your mind and keep your heart beating strong with these proactive strategies:

Explore visualization strategies to mentally picture a positive outcome to a challenge you’re facing.

Consider taking something off your plate at work or at home.

Exceptional Pharmacy Care Every Step of the Way

Heart disease and mental health challenges can feel isolating, but Alto’s expert pharmacists are always on call to help you navigate your health journey. Whether you’re taking medication for heart disease, a mental health disorder, or both, we’re happy to answer any questions you have and deliver your medications right to your doorstep. Call 1-800-874-5881 or reach out via in-app messaging at any time.

With heart disease being the leading cause of death in the United States, knowing your family’s health history and the extent of your risk is key to managing your heart health.

How Your Family History Affects Your Heart Health

While you know that traits like the color of your eyes and hair, as well as maybe your love of coffee, have been passed down through your family, you might not realize the extent to which heredity can also influence aspects of your health. With heart disease being the leading cause of death in the United States, knowing your family’s health history and the extent of your risk is key to managing your heart health. Here’s how having heart disease in your family can affect your own heart’s health, what you can do, and everyday ways to keep your heart beating healthy. 

When people talk about heart disease, they’re usually referring to coronary heart disease (also referred to as coronary artery disease).This is the most common type of heart disease and leads to more than 370,000 deaths in the United States every year. 

Coronary heart disease results when plaque builds up on the walls of the arteries that lead to your heart. This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to pass through, which can ultimately lead to a heart attack or stroke.

Common risk factors for heart disease include high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol (the “good” kind), stress, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, smoking, being post-menopausal for women and being older than 45 for men.

According to the American Heart Association, your risk of heart disease is strongly linked to your family history. That means that if someone in your family has diabetes or high LDL cholesterol, for example, then you may be more prone to these heart disease risk factors as well. Similarly, if someone in your family has had a stroke, that makes you more likely to have one. 

To understand your genetic risk of heart disease, you need to first take a look at your family’s health history. You may not know the health history of your entire extended family and that’s okay. A key first step is to start learning the health history of your first-degree relatives: first your parents, then your siblings. Did either of your parents or siblings have a heart attack or stroke, or die from one, at an early age? If they did prior to age 55 for males or age 65 for females, then you’re at an increased risk of heart disease.

Additionally, there are other genetic factors to be aware of that can increase your risk of heart disease. Statistics from the American Heart Association show that African Americans are at a greater risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke; and about one in three Hispanics will have high blood pressure.

Your family’s home lifestyle and environment can also play a role in your heart health. Living in a household of smokers, for example, can increase your risk of heart disease, while a regular diet of fast food can trigger inflammation in your body and lead to an increased risk of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. 

Where you live can also be a factor. City and urban environments can expose you to more air pollution as well as poor water or food quality, which can all contribute to heart disease. 

What to do once you know your family’s health history

Once you have some idea of your immediate family’s health picture and any history of heart disease or risk factors, you’ll next want to assess your own risk. There are various heart attack risk calculators that can help you do this. These take into account your genetics as well as current diet and lifestyle habits to predict your chance of having a heart attack.

Sharing your personal heart disease risk and family history with your doctor is important because it can allow them to come up with a plan to help you lower your risk. Your doctor may also suggest certain medical tests to provide a more accurate diagnosis. A blood test, for example, can look for certain biomarkers in your bloodstream, like LDL cholesterol, that increase your heart disease risk. A heart scan, also known as a coronary calcium scan, can detect any calcium on the walls of your arteries.

You’ll also want to make sure you’re aware of any early heart attack warning signs to watch out for. If you experience symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath during daily activities, or pain or discomfort in your arms, back, neck, or jaw, you should call 911 to get proper care as soon as possible.

If you discover that you have an extensive family history of cardiovascular disease or you’ve calculated your risk to be higher than average, does that mean you will end up with cardiovascular disease yourself? Not necessarily. Here are some of the things you can do to help reduce your risk. 

Once you have the results of any blood tests, your doctor will factor these into your family history and lifestyle habits to come up with a strategy to help you manage any heart disease risk. They’ll also discuss with you any risks and benefits of taking certain cardiovascular medications, if necessary. 

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle will also be a key part of any heart disease management plan. This includes avoiding foods that are high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar, as well as adding more healthy foods to your diet like nuts, fruits, vegetables, beans and fish. You’ll also want to make sure you’re getting enough sleep, managing stress, and staying active. For physical activity, the Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 30 minutes of heart-pumping exercise such as brisk walking or riding your bike at least five days a week.

If you have any other health conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes, control these by staying on top of your regimen prescribed by your doctor. You’ll also want to be aware of the other factors you might not realize can influence your risk of heart disease.

While it’s essential to be your own advocate when it comes to your health, we’re here to support you with exceptional pharmacy care every step of the way. If you are prescribed medications for your heart, our pharmacists would be happy to walk you through dosage instructions and answer your questions. We’ll look for any available savings to help you get the lowest price, and we’ll deliver your medications to your home for free. Simply tell your doctor to send your new prescription to Alto or contact our team - we’ll take care of the transfer for you.

Whether you’re wondering if your child has asthma or they’ve already been diagnosed, here are the common symptoms to look out for, the treatment you can expect.

How to Manage Your Child’s Asthma

Of the over 19 million people who have asthma in the United States, nearly 6 million of them are children. This chronic disease makes it hard to breathe and thus can affect every aspect of your child’s life, from school to play. And with allergy season just around the corner, you might hear extra coughing and sneezing around the house. Whether you’re wondering if your child has asthma or they’ve already been diagnosed, here are the common symptoms to look out for, the treatment you can expect, and the impact COVID-19 could have on those with asthma.

What are the signs my child might have asthma?

The signs and symptoms of asthma can vary by child but, in general, some common signs your child might have the disease include coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. The severity of these will also vary, with some cases being mild and manageable and more severe cases requiring emergency care.

Symptoms appear when your child is exposed to triggers like pollen or smoke. Triggers cause the airways to become inflamed, which causes swelling and mucus production, and leads to an overall narrowing of the air passageway making it harder to breathe and leading to the above symptoms. 

Since symptoms of asthma can be signs of other ailments as well, it can be difficult to always know if what your child is experiencing is asthma. Coughing, for example, can also be a symptom of a cold or the flu. Another asthmatic symptom—wheezing—could also be caused by bronchitis or another respiratory problem. 

This is where other asthmatic signs like your child saying “I’m always coughing” or “My chest feels funny,” can be helpful. Either way, if your child shows any of these symptoms, it can be a good idea to make an appointment with your doctor so your child can start getting treatment if needed.

Your doctor will likely use a few different methods to test if your child has asthma. First, they’ll ask for your child’s medical history, where they can share symptoms and any triggers they may have noticed. Then the doctor will conduct a physical exam which will look at your child’s nose and throat, their breathing, and skin for any signs of allergic conditions. They may also conduct a series of lung function tests and a chest or sinus X-ray.

The doctor will then look at the results of these tests to discern if your child has asthma and what type. From there, they will develop a treatment plan based on the type and severity of your child’s symptoms.

A quick-relief inhaler may be enough to keep symptoms under control for mild cases of asthma. Depending on how your child is doing, more treatments can be added if needed. Maintenance treatments can help reduce the need for quick-relief inhalers. In fact, how often these inhalers are used is an indicator of asthma control for doctors and can help them determine the proper treatment plan. 

The second main aspect of treatment is avoiding triggers. The most common triggers include irritants such as air pollution, cold air, odors or smoke, as well as mold, dust mites, and pollen. Other triggers include sinus infections, exercise, heartburn, and allergic reactions.

Since the world is unpredictable, you can’t always control triggers, but you can take certain measures to help keep them in check, such as changing your diet when food reactions occur, minimizing smoking, and requesting an indoor air assessment. A variety of virtual asthma education classes and workshops are also offered online to help you learn best practices when it comes to prevention and treatment. 

What effect does COVID-19 have on my child’s asthma?

According to the CDC, those with moderate to severe asthma may be at an increased risk for more severe illness from the virus that causes COVID-19. To help reduce your risk, it’s recommended that you continue taking your current medicines, including any inhalers with corticosteroids in them. The CDC also recommends that you keep a 30-day supply of your asthma medications on hand so you don’t risk running out if you fall sick, need to quarantine, or otherwise can’t make it to the pharmacy.

In addition to these asthma-specific strategies, the everyday COVID-19 protocols of wearing a mask, socially distancing, and avoiding large crowds should be followed. If you’re worried that wearing a mask might affect asthma symptoms, research that came out last month showed that wearing a mask did not affect oxygen levels, regardless of whether the wearer had asthma or not. 

If you have concerns about your condition or think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, you should call your healthcare provider. If you don’t have a provider, you can contact your nearest community health center or health department. 

Many people live normal lives with proper asthma management. A good treatment plan, guidance from your doctor, and a reliable pharmacy can help you manage your child’s symptoms so they can keep doing most of those everyday activities they enjoy. 

We’re here to help your child breathe easier

Whether you need to get your child’s first inhaler or obtain prescription refills, Alto is here every step of the way. Our pharmacists are on hand to answer any questions and our pharmacies around the country are fully stocked with asthma medications. We’re prepared and ready to deliver your medicines throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure safety, we offer free, contactless drop-offs for every prescription, so you can get your refills on time in the comfort of your home. Reach out any time via in-app secure messaging or phone at 1-800-874-5881.

Here’s why healthy habits are key to improving your health and six ideas to try when you need some “me time.”

6 Science-Backed Ideas for Healthy Living

We know that taking care of our well-being is important, but when work deadlines are calling or the family needs your attention, your own wellness can easily fall to the bottom of your priority list. Fortunately, many healthy lifestyle habits don’t require much time or money, and can even be an enjoyable break from your everyday to-dos. Here’s why healthy habits are key to improving your health and six ideas to try when you need some “me time.”

When we’re overworked, stressed-out, or exhausted, it can be difficult to take care of our own daily maintenance tasks, let alone do activities we enjoy or make time to help others. And when we neglect our own care, it can leave us feeling burnt out, anxious, or depressed—states that affect everything from our performance at work to our relationships at home. 

Studies suggest that carving out “me time” is a key part of a healthy lifestyle. Healthier habits and lifestyle adjustments have been linked to lower levels of stress and higher quality of life, as well as lower levels of morbidity and reduced healthcare costs. And it can start with just a few minutes a day and cost nothing. Here are five science-backed lifestyle practices that your current (and future) self may thank you for. 

1. Practice meditation and mindfulness. 
You don’t need to ascribe to a certain religion or spend a month on a far-flung retreat to meditate or reap its benefits. Numerous studies suggest that even a few minutes a day of meditation can have many health benefits—from helping reduce anxious and stressful thoughts to curbing insomnia. Apps like Headspace or Insight Timer offer meditation basics at low or no cost. You can also ask at your workplace to see if services like Modern Health are offered. 


2. Try breathing practices. 
We know breathing is essential to life, but since it happens automatically, many of us don’t pay much attention to it. But research suggests that certain breathing techniques can help improve everything from your focus to your sleep. Studies have also found that practices like nasal breathing and pursed-lip breathing, as well as the deeper diaphragmatic breathing involved in yoga practices can be helpful in managing symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as asthma. 


3. Cook a meal at home. 
From picking out a new recipe to gathering all the ingredients, cooking at home for yourself or for others can be a relaxing multi-sensory wellness practice. It’s also often a healthier option than grabbing take-out. For this reason, studies suggest it as a top self-care practice to help those with diabetes avoid hospital visits and other health implications.


4. Do something creative. 
When it comes to the arts, you don’t need to have mastered a craft to enjoy it. The act of expressing in an artistic way can be enjoyable regardless of the outcome. And studies show that doing something creative—strumming a guitar, singing to yourself in the shower, or writing creatively—can boost your mood and emotional health as well as contribute to reducing stress and feelings of depression.

5. Stay on top of your medications. 
While this may seem obvious, forgetting to take essential medications is more common than you might think. In fact, studies have shown that up to 20-30% of medications are never filled, and that nearly 50% of medications for chronic disease aren’t taken as prescribed.  Alto can help make sure your prescriptions are delivered on time, as well as connect you with a pharmacist to answer any questions about dosage or side effects.

It's essential to be your own advocate when it comes to your health and well-being, and we’re here to support you with exceptional pharmacy care every step of the way. Talking with your healthcare provider about healthier habits and lifestyle adjustments can be just as important as discussing your medications. 

Our team of patient care pharmacists at Alto is available to chat whenever questions come up. Feel free to reach out any time via in-app secure messaging or phone at 1-800-874-5881.

5 Science-Backed Ideas for Healthy Living

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term inflammatory condition that obstructs the airflow from the lungs. Here’s what you need to know about keeping your lungs healthy to avoid or manage COPD. 

Understanding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

The delicate, branching structures of the lungs bear a striking resemblance to trees. The air you breathe travels down your windpipe, or trachea, and enters the lungs through two large tubes known as bronchi. Just like the roots and limbs of a tree, these tubes divide again and again into smaller bronchioles before finally ending in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli—what you might consider the leaves. 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term inflammatory condition that obstructs the airflow from the lungs and makes it difficult to breathe. Although it's the third leading cause of death in the U.S., the good news is that it can be prevented and treated to slow the progression and maintain quality of life. Here’s what you need to know about keeping your lungs healthy to avoid or manage COPD. 

COPD refers to a group of progressive lung diseases, meaning the condition becomes worse over time. The most common are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and many people with COPD have both of these conditions. 

Emphysema destroys the fragile air sacs in the lungs, which impairs the airflow. The air carrying carbon dioxide out of the body cannot be adequately expelled and some remains trapped in the lungs. Fresh, oxygen-rich air is then blocked from entering the lungs, causing gradually worsening shortness of breath, even while at rest.

According to the Mayo Clinic, most people with emphysema also have bronchitis, which causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes. With bronchitis, mucus builds up in the lungs, spurring a persistent cough. 

The CDC reports that sixteen million Americans have trouble breathing due to COPD. However, they estimate that the actual number includes millions more who have not yet been diagnosed. 

In the vast majority of people with COPD, lung damage is caused by cigarette smoking. According to the COPD Foundation, about 90% of people with COPD are current or former smokers. However, damage can also be caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, including air pollution and workplace exposure to dust, smoke, or fumes. 

An estimated five percent of people with COPD have a deficiency in a protein known as alpha-1-antitrypsin, which causes the lungs to deteriorate and can also affect the liver. People with severe asthma can also progress into COPD. 

The most telling—and distressing—symptom of COPD is difficulty breathing. According to the Mayo Clinic, another major symptom is a constant cough that produces a lot of mucus. Additional symptoms may include chest tightness, wheezing, frequent respiratory infections, and fatigue. Severe COPD can cause swelling in the ankles, legs, and feet and weight loss. 

As a progressive disease, symptoms often begin mildly and may be confused for the common cold. But rather than clearing up after a week or two, the coughing and shortness of breath will continue to worsen over time and make daily activities more difficult. 

Unfortunately, by the time COPD symptoms appear, there may already be significant lung damage. Symptoms will continue to escalate, particularly if smoking or exposure to lung irritants continues. With proper intervention and treatment, however, most people with COPD can slow the disease’s progression and maintain their quality of life. 

People with COPD often experience flare-ups known as exacerbations. During these episodes, symptoms become much more severe for several days or weeks and may require treatment with antibiotics, oral corticosteroids, and even hospitalization. 

Respiratory infections or inflammation triggers—such as air pollution, secondhand smoke, dusts, fumes, or other toxic substances—are common causes of exacerbations. Anyone who experiences a marked increase in coughing, difficulty breathing, or mucus in the lungs should seek immediate medical attention. 

The best way to prevent COPD is to never smoke or stop smoking now. Quitting isn’t easy for most people, so it’s a good idea to enlist your healthcare provider’s support.  They may recommend nicotine replacement products or medications that can help. 

The CDC offers a variety of resources that can help you quit smoking, including a free text message program (text QUIT to 47848) and their quitSTART app, which is available for both Android and iOS. The Mayo Clinic outlines ten tips to help you resist the urge to smoke that you may find helpful as you get started. 

It’s also important to avoid secondhand smoke exposure and occupational exposure to chemical fumes and dust. If you work with any type of lung irritant, the Mayo Clinic advises talking with your supervisor about the best ways to protect yourself, like using respiratory protective equipment. 

Staying active will not only improve your overall health; it will also strengthen your lungs. The American Lung Association recommends getting thirty minutes of moderate physical activity five days a week. Both aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercises will benefit your lungs, so you can include anything from brisk walking to weight lifting to vigorous household cleaning. 

Lastly, make sure to get your annual flu vaccine each fall, as well as a pneumococcal vaccine, to prevent infections that can weaken your lungs. 

While there is no cure for COPD, treatment can ease symptoms and lower the risk of complications like heart disease, lung cancer, respiratory infections, pulmonary hypertension, and depression. 

COPD can be treated with medications, supplemental oxygen therapy, and surgery. However, many people with mild forms of the disease may only need to quit smoking and avoid other inflammation triggers. 

The most common medications used to treat COPD include: 

Bronchodilators, which usually come in inhalers and relax the muscles around the airways to make breathing easier. 

Inhaled corticosteroids, which help to reduce airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations. 

Oral steroids are sometimes used in short courses during periods of exacerbation to prevent further worsening of symptoms.

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors are used for severe COPD. These medications decrease airway inflammation and relax the airways.

Theophylline may be used when other treatments are ineffective or if cost is a factor. It may help improve breathing and prevent exacerbations but can cause side effects like nausea, headache, rapid heartbeat, and tremors.

Antibiotics may also be used to treat respiratory infections but are generally not recommended for prevention. 

Often, a combination of these medications is used to treat COPD. Inhaled medications are taken using a device called an inhaler, which allows the medication to be absorbed straight into your lungs. If you’re prescribed a new inhaler, one of Alto’s pharmacists can walk you through how to use it.  Not all inhalers work the same way, so learning the proper technique is crucial for ensuring adequate therapy.

People with COPD are also generally prescribed a pulmonary rehabilitation program. These individually tailored programs combine exercise, nutrition advice, and counseling to prevent exacerbations, slow the progression of symptoms, and improve quality of life.

Those with insufficient oxygen reaching their blood may benefit from supplemental oxygen therapy. It involves using a lightweight, portable device to deliver oxygen directly to your lungs as needed.

Surgery may be an option for those with severe COPD, particularly severe emphysema. It’s usually reserved for when other types of treatment have failed. 

Because breathing is so elementary, it’s easy to take it for granted. But so many of the activities we enjoy—and life itself—depend on the healthy function of our lungs. 

When breathing becomes difficult, life can change drastically, so it’s important to find support. That may mean sharing your feelings with a close friend or family member, joining a support group for people with COPD, or enlisting the help of a mental health professional. 

Above all, it’s critical to follow your treatment to avoid worsening symptoms. At Alto, we want to make getting the COPD medications you need as easy as possible, so we offer free hand-delivery, automatic savings investigations, and user-friendly medication management through our website and app. We always have a team of pharmacists on-call to answer your questions by phone, text, or chat, and we’ll even remind you when your inhaler or other medications are due for a refill, then schedule a time to drop them off. 

If you’re interested in learning more about how Alto can support your COPD treatment plan, our team is available from 9 am – 12 midnight ET Monday – Friday, and 10 am – 9 pm ET on weekends. Download the mobile app for secure messaging or call 1-800-874-5881. 

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the United States. Here’s what our pharmacists think every woman should know about protecting and supporting their hearts. 

What Every Woman Should Know About Heart Health

We’re used to seeing dramatic Hollywood depictions of heart attacks in men. But heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the United States. The American Heart Association reports that one woman dies of heart disease every minute in America. 

Harvard Health reports that this “heart attack gender gap” can have serious consequences for women. With less awareness of crucial heart-health risk factors and warning signs, many women lack effective prevention strategies or delay life-saving care. 

Though heart disease is deadly, it is also largely preventable. Making heart health part of the conversation for women has the power to save lives. Here’s what our pharmacists think every woman should know about protecting and supporting their hearts. 

The first step in building a heart-health strategy is understanding your individual risk for heart disease. Make sure to undergo any necessary screenings, and discuss risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and age with your doctor at your annual checkup. You’ll want to go over your lifestyle and family history and identify your key health numbers, such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. 

According to the American Heart Association, research has uncovered a link between heart disease and pregnancy-related complications. Talk with your doctor if you were diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy or if you had an early delivery. These factors may increase your risk of cardiovascular disease in the future, so it’s essential to be aware and take steps to mitigate that risk. 

All women must understand the signs of a heart attack and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention. Research suggests that women tend to downplay symptoms and delay treatment—a life-threatening issue during a heart attack when every minute counts. 

According to the CDC, the most common signs of a heart attack for both men and women are chest pain or pressure; sharp pain in the jaw, neck, or back; and shortness of breath. However, only about 60% of women experience chest pain or discomfort during a heart attack. Studies suggest that women are more likely to experience less recognizable symptoms like nausea, dizziness, cold sweats, and unexplained fatigue. 

If you experience any discomfort in your chest or upper body or simply feel that something isn’t right, it’s crucial to seek emergency medical attention. Treatment is most effective if given within one hour of the onset of symptoms, so take these symptoms seriously and do not delay care. 

The CDC reports that approximately 200,000 preventable deaths occur each year in the United States due to heart disease and stroke. That’s why it’s so important to put heart-health strategies into place early. Try to augment your diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, healthy fats, and fiber-rich whole grains while limiting sodium, saturated fats, alcohol, and sugar. Aim for balanced nutrition that you can maintain over time; a little dietary leeway is your best bet for success in the long term. 

Numerous studies have connected poor sleep to heart disease. Not only does a lack of sleep put stress on the body, but it also makes you less likely to exercise and make other healthy choices. If you constantly find yourself cutting back on sleep to tend to your to-do list, it’s time to prioritize rest. 

The American Heart Association recommends getting seven to nine hours of sleep every night to help your body function at its best. Smartphones and other screens are known to disrupt sleep if used at bedtime, so try to power down as early as you can. You might also try using a blue-light blocking filter on your devices at night. Apple devices have a built-in blue-blocking function called “Night Shift,” or you can try out popular apps like Twilight or f.lux. 

It’s also vital that women find ways to manage stress in their daily lives. According to the Mayo Clinic, women's hearts are impacted by stress and depression more than men’s. Stress causes inflammation in the body, which has been linked to heart-health risk factors like high blood pressure and lower “good” HDL cholesterol. It also negatively impacts sleep and may make you less likely to exercise and eat well. 

A comprehensive report on “Stress in America” by the American Psychological Association found that exercise and listening to music were the most popular stress reducers for both men and women. However, women are more likely to find social and sedentary activities relaxing, such as spending time with friends or reading. While daily physical activity is a crucial heart-health strategy, it’s also essential for women to reach out to their social networks and find time to relax and unwind. 

Last year, Harvard Health reported on a recent study, which suggested that women are less likely to be prescribed aspirin, statins, and certain blood pressure medications than men. Experts attribute this discrepancy, in part, to the general lack of awareness about heart disease in women, which can cause both healthcare providers and patients to miss critical warning signs. 

All men and women, regardless of age, should routinely visit their doctor for the necessary heart-health screenings. During these visits, ask your doctor about your individual risk for heart disease, and discuss the risks and benefits of taking cardiovascular medications, if necessary. It’s also crucial to listen to your body and not minimize or explain away any early warning signs of heart trouble. Take any symptoms seriously and seek immediate help. 

While it’s essential to be your own advocate when it comes to your health, we’re here to support you with exceptional pharmacy care every step of the way. If you are prescribed medications for your heart, our pharmacists would be happy to walk you through dosage instructions and answer your questions. We’ll look for any available savings so you can be sure you’re getting the lowest price, and we’ll deliver your medications to your home for free. Simply tell your doctor to send your new prescription to Alto or contact our care team, and we’ll transfer your existing prescriptions for you. 

Here are seven unconventional ways to support your heart that have sparked the interest of leading health experts. 

7 Unusual Heart Health Risk Factors

What Science is Revealing About Heart Health

Researchers are working hard to curb the impact of heart disease, which is currently the leading cause of death in the United States. These efforts to develop new prevention strategies have led them to some surprising heart health hypotheses. You probably know that you should eat well and stay active, but these lesser-known risk factors may not be on your radar. Here are seven unconventional ways to support your heart that have sparked the interest of leading health experts. 

It turns out, brushing your teeth may have more benefits than just sparkly whites and fresh breath. Numerous studies have documented a link between poor dental health and heart disease. The verdict is still out as to why, but the prevailing theories point to inflammation. It could be that the bacteria which infect gums enter the bloodstream and cause blood vessel inflammation or that the body’s immune response is to blame. While more research is needed, it’s one more reason to brush your teeth for the recommended two minutes twice a day and get regular dental checkups. 

There have been some interesting studies exploring the connection between workplace stress and heart health. A decade-long study in Sweden found that having a bad boss increases your risk of a heart attack. Additional research has suggested that working long hours may increase your risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. 

A key takeaway here is that stress, in general, isn’t great for your overall health. Stress causes your cortisol levels to spike, which can lead to high blood pressure, weight gain, sleep disruption, and reduced energy over time. Not to mention, your diet, exercise routine, and other healthy habits often suffer when you’re stressed out. Make sure to find ways to unwind at the end of your workday, whether that means listening to a relaxing soundtrack on your drive home or a brief meditation before you make dinner. Sometimes you can’t avoid challenging coworkers or chaotic days, but you can put strategies in place to help you feel calmer and more resilient. 

Not that you needed another reason to love your pets, but several studies have shown that pet ownership, especially having a dog, can improve heart health. According to Harvard Health, researchers have found that dog owners have lower blood pressure and cholesterol than non-owners, probably because dogs require daily walks and tend to have a calming effect on their humans. 

If you’re not a dog owner, we don’t advise adding pets to your life purely as a health strategy. Instead, you might consider stopping to meet some of your four-legged neighbors. A few studies have found that just petting a dog can lower your blood pressure. 

Sleep is the unsung hero of the health world. It allows your whole body to rest and replenish. Although your heart never stops beating, it does slow down and recover during sleep. According to John Hopkins Medicine, by depriving your heart of this crucial recovery time, lack of sleep increases your risk of heart attack and heart disease.

If you have trouble sleeping, creating a nightly ritual can help. Try to wind down at the same time every evening and create a calm, dark, and quiet environment in your bedroom. You should turn off your electronic devices at least thirty minutes before bedtime to help your body prepare for restful sleep. 

If you find yourself tossing and turning on the regular, it’s best to talk with your doctor. Various underlying and unsuspecting conditions could be causing your lack of sleep and there are many different therapies that can help.  

For more sleep-enhancing tips, read, “Too Stressed to Sleep? These Strategies Can Help.”

Bring on the oatmeal and scrambled eggs! When a panel of experts from the American Heart Association reviewed studies on eating habits and heart health, they formed an intriguing conclusion: breakfast-eaters tended to have lower instances of heart disease and were less likely to have high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

If you struggle to make time to eat in the morning, the American Heart Association suggests these breakfast hacks for some quick and easy meal ideas. Harvard Health recommends including whole grains in your morning meal to further reduce your risk for heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. They offer this menu of options full of whole grains, protein, and fruit. 

We all love a good movie marathon, but regularly sitting for hours at a stretch could be putting your heart at risk. And yes, that includes long workdays at the computer. 

The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology have both warned that regularly sitting for long periods is a significant contributor to heart disease. It’s not an issue of laziness—in a world full of deskjobs, car trips, and the all-important need to unwind, many of us struggle to find time to get the consistent movement our bodies need.

If you’re stuck sitting for long periods, the American Heart Association suggests finding ways to sneak movement into your day. You might try setting a timer and taking a five-minute stretch break every hour or using your lunch break to go for a walk. Every extra minute on your feet will help you get to the recommended 150 minutes of activity per week. Exercise also helps you reduce stress and sleep better, making it a true heart-health allstar. 

Several studies suggest an association between optimism and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. A 2015 study found that those with a more positive outlook were more likely to make healthy lifestyle changes after a heart attack. And a researcher at the University of California, San Diego, found that patients with a greater sense of gratitude had lower levels of inflammation and better heart health overall.

Robert A. Emmons, Ph.D., a professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, told the American Heart Association, “Clinical trials indicate that the practice of gratitude can have dramatic and lasting effects in a person’s life. It can lower blood pressure and improve immune function...grateful people engage in more exercise, have better dietary behaviors, are less likely to smoke and abuse alcohol and have higher rates of medication adherence.”

If optimism doesn’t always come easy to you, you’re not alone. Psychologists believe we have a natural tendency to fixate on negative information as a way to avoid it in the future. It’s a phenomenon known as “negativity bias.” Practicing gratitude is a powerful way to counteract this inclination. Best of all, it’s easy to get started. Your new habit can be as simple as writing down what you’re grateful for every day. 

When you look closely, these unconventional risk factors aren’t really that surprising. They each relate to foundational heart-healthy lifestyle choices such as managing stress, eating healthy foods, and staying active. This advice aligns with the CDC’s guidance, which outlines six essential strategies for living a heart-healthy lifestyle. 

If you’re concerned about your heart, the CDC recommends learning about your family’s health history and talking to your healthcare provider about your risk. Together you can create an action plan that’s best for you. If your doctor prescribes medication to treat high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes, the CDC stresses the importance of taking it as directed. 

Alto’s expert pharmacists will always be available via in-app message or phone to answer questions about dosage instructions or side effects, and we’d be happy to bring your medications to your doorstep for free. Your heart-healthy lifestyle does not have to include standing in line at the pharmacy or worrying about refills. We’ll take care of the details so you can focus on cooking a healthy breakfast or walking your dog. 

Your thyroid makes the hormones that regulate your metabolism. In this article we'll share tips for supporting your thyroid health as well as what to do when your thyroid is out of balance.

All About the Thyroid

The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your throat. It’s part of the endocrine system—a series of glands that produce and regulate hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that “tell” certain cells and organs what to do, influencing nearly all of the body’s functions. 

Your thyroid makes the hormones that regulate your metabolism: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Metabolism is the process by which your body converts food into energy,  facilitating vital functions such as blood circulation, breathing, and cell repair. Without the thyroid, the body could not break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates for fuel. 

The thyroid gland does not simply act on its own. It receives signals from the pituitary gland, the body’s “master gland,” which is located at the base of the brain and regulates vital body functions. The pea-sized pituitary gland sends its instructions through a hormone called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH levels rise and fall in the blood, telling the thyroid the exact amount of each hormone to secrete. Hormone levels within the body are a delicate balancing act, and several disorders can arise if the thyroid overproduces (hyperthyroidism) or underproduces (hypothyroidism) T4 and T3. 

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What Every Woman Should Know About Heart Health

7 Unusual Heart Health Risk Factors

All About the Thyroid

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