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Many individuals with asthma are familiar with the experience of an asthma attack — an acute flare-up of symptoms defined by sudden shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. These exacerbations vary in intensity and require efficient and prompt treatment.

Common Treatments for Allergic Rashes

Management of asthma attacks is twofold. To immediately address symptoms in the moment, work with your provider to identify your asthma attack warning signs and establish a treatment strategy. In the longer term, identify and avoid triggers and stay on track with treatment, so as to reduce the frequency and intensity of these flare-ups.

Here’s more on recognizing, treating, and preventing asthma attacks.

Effective management of an asthma attack starts by recognizing the signs and symptoms and understanding what to do when they occur.

While individual experiences of an asthma attack may vary, these are some common signs and symptoms. Your doctor can help you in identifying your individual warning signs of an asthma attack.

The following symptoms of a severe asthma attack warrant immediate medical attention:

Severe breathlessness or wheezing, especially at night or in the early morning

Difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath

No improvement from quick-relief medication

Everyone with asthma should have an asthma action plan that documents their treatment needs, including what steps to take when asthma symptoms intensify. Work with your doctor to create your individual asthma action plan.

If and when you experience a flare-up of asthma symptoms, follow the steps in your treatment plan. If your PEF readings fall between 51% to 79% of your baseline, a common first step is to take quick-relief or “rescue” asthma medications.

These medications are taken on an as-needed basis, as prescribed by your doctor, and relax airway muscles to open the lungs. They relieve shortness of breath and wheezing within minutes and can stop an asthma attack in progress.

Common quick-relief asthma medications include:

Albuterol (ProAir® HFA, Proventil® HFA, and Ventolin® HFA)

Inhalers are the most common form of quick-relief asthma medications. Albuterol and levalbuterol are also available as a liquid solution for nebulizer use.

A quick-relief medication may sufficiently relieve symptoms and improve PEF readings. If symptoms do not improve, emergency medical care may be necessary. Your asthma action plan should help you determine when to seek emergency care.

In many cases, asthma attacks may be preventable. When followed on an ongoing basis, the steps below can help lower your chances of experiencing an asthma attack.

1. Follow your treatment plan and take maintenance medications as prescribed (if applicable).

Many individuals with moderate to severe asthma take long-term maintenance medication in addition to a quick-relief medication.

These medications ease inflammation in the airways, preventing exacerbations and controlling symptoms. You must take them as prescribed every day to experience their benefits.

There are two main types of long-term asthma control medications:

Inhaled corticosteroids including Flovent® HFA and Qvar Redihaler® 

Combination inhalers that contain both corticosteroids and long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) including fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair Diskus®); budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort®); mometasone and formoterol (Dulera®); and fluticasone and vilanterol (Breo Ellipta®)

Asthma attacks may be caused by a variety of triggers including:

Each individual has different triggers. To identify yours, make a note of your asthma symptoms as they appear, including environmental factors that may have contributed to them. As you begin to learn your triggers, take necessary precautions to avoid them.

3. Avoid all cigarette smoke, including secondhand and thirdhand smoke.

Everyone with asthma can benefit from limiting their exposure to cigarette smoke, a frequent trigger of asthma attacks.

In addition to refraining from smoking yourself, avoid exposure to secondhand smoke and thirdhand smoke, the residual smoke that remains on clothing or surrounding indoor surfaces. (Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor for smoking cessation resources if needed.)

Allergic asthma accounts for 60% of all asthma cases in the U.S. and is triggered by allergens such as household dust mites, pet dander, and pollen. There are many ways to reduce the presence of allergens in your home, including:

Using the AC rather than opening windows when pollen counts are high

Using a dehumidifier to keep indoor air dry, which will in turn prevent mold growth and dust mites

Vacuuming at least once a week, ideally using a vacuum cleaner with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, which catches smaller particles like allergens

It’s especially important for those with asthma to stay current with vaccines, as respiratory infections like the flu can become more serious and/or trigger asthma symptoms.

Check with your doctor about which vaccines you need. For detailed vaccine recommendations by age group, reference the CDC’s recommended immunization schedules for children and adolescents and adults.

Alto Pharmacy is here every step of the way to help you manage your asthma. Our team of pharmacists is available to answer questions about your medications, and we offer free, same-day delivery and medication management tools like reminders and auto refills in our app.

Reach out by phone at 1-800-874-5881 or in-app messaging to learn how we can support your treatment plan.

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

All third party trademarks (including logos and icons) referenced by Alto Pharmacy remain the property of their respective owners. Unless specifically identified as such, Alto’s use of third party trademarks does not indicate any relationship, sponsorship or endorsement between Alto and the owners of these trademarks.

An asthma attack is an acute flare-up of symptoms defined by sudden shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Managing asthma attacks includes both proactively responding to symptoms when they arise and staying on track with treatment in the long term. Learn more here.

Treatment and Prevention of Asthma Attacks | Alto Pharmacy

Treatment and Prevention of Asthma Attacks

All air quality significantly impacts your respiratory health, not just outdoor air pollution. Indoor air is often filled with irritants including smoke, allergens, and chemicals. These substances can irritate the lungs and airways, causing inflammation and reducing lung function, which refers to how well your lungs work.

How to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Home

Given that the average American spends approximately 90% of their time inside, it’s important to keep the air inside your home as clean as possible, especially if you are susceptible to seasonal allergies or have respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD.

Use the simple precautions below as a starting point for better breathing at home.

Exposure to secondhand smoke, or exhaled cigarette smoke, adversely impacts respiratory health. It is a contributing factor to the development of COPD and may also cause a flare-up of COPD symptoms, also referred to as an acute exacerbation. For some individuals with asthma, secondhand smoke can trigger an asthma attack, which is defined by sudden shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.

Thirdhand smoke, or the residual smoke that remains on clothing or surrounding indoor surfaces after a person smokes, is an additional health risk that affects air quality.

Avoiding all indoor smoking is one of the most important actions you can take to improve indoor air quality at home. Of course, outdoor smoking also contributes to lung diseases. In addition to limiting your exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke at home, ask your doctor for support with smoking cessation if needed.

2. Avoid cleaning products with certain chemicals and strong scents.

Certain household products are worse for your respiratory health than others. Some disinfectants, personal hygiene products, and cleaning supplies contain chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can tighten the airways and make it more difficult to breathe. Examples of common VOCs include formaldehyde, benzene, and toluene.

Ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorine bleach are other chemicals that should be avoided, along with scented products.

As an alternative, opt for natural, non-toxic products. You may even be able to create cleaning solutions from ingredients that are already in the house. Try using baking soda or a mixture of soap and water to scrub and wipe down surfaces. A combination of vinegar and water can be used to clean glass.

If you are using a product that contains a VOC or other harmful chemicals inside of your home, ventilate the area as much as possible by using exhaust fans and opening windows and doors. ​​You may also want to invest in an air purifier, which extracts irritants from the air.

Household allergens including dust mites and animal dander can trigger asthma symptoms and COPD exacerbations. Unfortunately, dust mites love to make themselves comfortable in your pillows and blankets as much as you do, so regularly wash pillows and bedding. Consider using dust mite pillow and mattress covers.

It’s best to vacuum at least once a week, ideally with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) vacuum that catches smaller particles like allergens. An air purifier can also be used to remove allergens from indoor air.

During prime allergy season, avoid bringing pollen inside by changing and washing your clothes and removing your shoes after time outdoors. Dry clothes in a dryer instead of on a clothesline, where they’re likely to gather more pollen.

Dust mites aren’t the only indoor allergen to avoid. Mold exposure can also intensify symptoms of allergies, asthma, and COPD.

Moisture is typically the underlying cause of mold growth inside the home. As part of your allergy-proofing efforts, use a dehumidifier to keep indoor air dry during more humid seasons. (This can also help keep the dust mites away!) Keep bathrooms well ventilated and remove any visible mold as quickly as possible.

In addition, try to increase ventilation in the bathroom and kitchen, as well as other areas where steam accumulates. Use a fan or crack open a window when showering or cooking.

5. Clean air filters and increase ventilation.

There are steps you can take to keep clean air flowing throughout your home as much as possible.

First, change any filters in your home’s heating and cooling systems on a regular basis. If your house or apartment has a forced-air heating system — which uses air ducts and vents to circulate temperature-controlled air throughout your house or apartment — it’s especially important to change the filters regularly.

In addition, make sure that any air ducts inside of your home are clean, since they are a frequent source of dust accumulation.

If pollen is low, opening windows to let outdoor air flow throughout the building may also help improve indoor air quality. Most weather apps include a local daily pollen count.

Alto Pharmacy is here every step of the way to help you manage respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD, and allergies. Our team of pharmacists is available to answer questions about your medications, and we offer free, same-day delivery and medication management tools like reminders and auto refills in our app.

Resting heart rate varies from one individual to another, but the healthy range for an adult is 60-100 beats per minute. In some cases, issues with the heart’s electrical signals that trigger a heartbeat can cause an arrhythmia. This means that the heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or irregularly.

Atrial Fibrillation, Explained

Atrial fibrillation, often referred to as Afib, is a rapid heart rate caused by irregularities in the heart’s upper chambers, or atria. It is the most common type of arrhythmia. Though the condition increases the risk of having a stroke, it is treatable with a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and non-surgical and surgical procedures. Here’s what to know about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of atrial fibrillation.

The heart’s natural pacemaker, the sinus node, is located in the upper right chamber. It triggers the signal that begins each heartbeat. Normally, the signal travels from the sinus node through the two atria and into a pathway between the upper and lower chambers. As it travels, your heart will contract, transporting blood both to and from the heart.

Atrial fibrillation begins in the heart’s upper chambers. The signals in the atria are irregular, which causes the upper chambers to shake. As signals try to enter the lower chambers, a fast and irregular heart rhythm is produced.

There are different types of atrial fibrillation categorized by their duration.

Paroxysmal Afib lasts for less than a week and typically does not require treatment.

Persistent Afib is continuous, lasting longer than a week but less than a year. Treatment is required.

Permanent Afib is continuous and treatment-resistant.

Most cases of atrial fibrillation stem from issues with the structure of the heart. These structural issues may be caused by coronary artery disease, a heart attack, a congenital heart defect, or heart valve disease. However, it is possible to develop the condition without a history of heart health issues.

The following risk factors are often linked to atrial fibrillation.

Other health conditions including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, lung disease, or sleep apnea

Not all cases of atrial fibrillation have noticeable symptoms. In some cases, one or more of the following symptoms may develop.

As many as 1 in 3 people with Afib may not know that they have the condition. It’s important to understand the condition’s risk factors and discuss your individual risk with your healthcare provider.

Due to the potential for blood clots, atrial fibrillation can lead to a greater risk for stroke. The irregular heart rhythm that characterizes Afib can lead to the accumulation of blood and the formation of clots in the upper chambers. If a clot breaks off from the heart, it may travel to the brain, causing a stroke.

The risk of a stroke related to Afib increases as you age. Having other conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart failure in addition to Afib may also increase your risk for a stroke. Staying on track with treatment and following your doctor’s recommendations is the best way to manage this risk.

Many types of atrial fibrillation are treatable. Treatment often consists of a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, non-surgical procedures or surgery. Several types of medications are used to treat Afib.

These medications prevent the formation of blood clots and treat existing clots. Commonly prescribed antiplatelets and anticoagulants include:

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban (Eliquis®), dabigatran (Pradaxa®), edoxaban (Savaysa®), and rivaroxaban (Xarelto®)

Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers may be used to manage atrial fibrillation by controlling an individual’s heart rate. Commonly used to treat high blood pressure, beta blockers cause the heart to beat more slowly and less forcefully. Examples of beta blockers include:

Calcium channel blockers slow an individual’s heart rate by opening up narrowed blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the heart. They are often prescribed for individuals who have chest pain or high or low blood pressure in addition to Afib. Examples include:

Digoxin may also be prescribed to slow the flow of electrical currents from the atria to the ventricle.

Slowing down the heart rate is often the first goal of atrial fibrillation treatment. If this has been accomplished, a common next step is restoring the rhythm to normal.

Sodium channel blockers including flecainide (Tambocor®), propafenone (Rythmol®), and quinidine work on the heart’s electrical impulses, slowing its ability to conduct electricity.

Potassium channel blockers such as amiodarone (Cordarone®, Pacerone®), sotalol (Betapace®), and dofetilide slow the electrical signals responsible for atrial fibrillation.

When taking any medication for atrial fibrillation, it’s important to stay on track with follow-up appointments and inform your doctor of any side effects.

If medications aren’t effective, your doctor may recommend a non-surgical procedure or surgery. Two common non-invasive procedures are electrical cardioversion, which resets the heart rhythm with low-energy shocks, and pulmonary vein ablation, which uses heat or cold energy to block electrical irregularities.

While not all cases of atrial fibrillation are preventable, many of the major risk factors are controllable. In general, practicing a heart-healthy lifestyle can lower your risk for the condition. This includes exercising for at least 150 minutes per week, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting your alcohol intake, and refraining from smoking.

Read How to Prevent Heart Disease at Any Age for more on heart-healthy living.

At Alto, we make it as simple as possible to manage your risk for heart health issues and follow the treatment plan your doctor recommends. We will work with your doctor, your insurance (if applicable), and any third party savings programs that you may qualify for to ensure your medications are as affordable as possible. And our team of pharmacists is available to chat whenever questions come up about side effects or how to take your medication properly.

Reach out any time through in-app messaging or by phone at 1-800-874-5881.

For the 25 million individuals living with asthma in the U.S., preparing for a trip or time away from home involves a few extra steps. It’s important to pack carefully and make sure you have everything you need to manage your asthma, including medication and medication delivery devices. Additionally, since environmental triggers can worsen certain types of asthma, researching your location and carefully planning your activities and accommodations is key.

A Guide to Traveling With Asthma

Use the suggestions below to prepare for your next trip and read our previous blog, Managing Your Medications While Traveling, for more on what to consider when traveling with medication.

Travel doesn’t always go as expected, so bring more of your asthma medication than you need. Plan ahead to refill your medication in advance of your trip, if needed. If you are prescribed both a quick-relief medication and a longer-term control medication, make sure you have enough of both. Depending on the severity of your asthma symptoms, you may want to order a medical identification bracelet.

Depending on your plans, you may wish to consult with your healthcare provider to discuss how your upcoming travel may impact your overall health or your asthma treatment needs. Ask if there are any recommended vaccines for your trip. 

An asthma action plan documents your individualized treatment plan. It should include what steps to take if your asthma symptoms intensify, a list of your medications and dosages, and your doctor’s contact information. If you have an existing asthma action plan, make sure it’s up to date. If you don’t already have one, work with your doctor to create one before your trip.

View the American Lung Association’s guide on creating an asthma action plan.

Before departing for your trip, review the details of your health insurance plan. Check whether your plan covers doctor’s appointments or emergency visits to a hospital or urgent care in another state or country.

If you are traveling internationally, be mindful that prescription laws vary by country. It’s a good idea to contact the U.S. embassy of the country you’re visiting for more details. Some countries may only allow a 30-day supply for certain medications and/or require you to carry an official prescription or additional information from your doctor with you.

Allergic asthma accounts for approximately 60% of all asthma cases in the U.S. With this type of asthma, inflammation in the airways and the development of asthma symptoms occurs after exposure to allergens. Common allergens, or allergic asthma triggers, include household dust mites, pet dander, and pollen.

If you have allergic asthma, there are steps you can take before your trip to prevent a flare-up of symptoms. For example, when staying in a hotel, request a room that is non-smoking and pet-free. You can also anticipate exposure to pet dander while in transit by contacting your airline or train company and asking about their policies.

There are tools that share your destination’s pollen forecast, including Accuweather and Pollen.com.

Here’s a list of potential asthma medications and medication delivery devices to pack. Some may not be relevant for your treatment plan, and if you’re unsure what to bring, ask your care team. In addition, confirm which temperature your medications should be stored at and take those guidelines into account when packing.

Enough medication for your trip, plus extra

Medication delivery devices including a nebulizer or spacer (if applicable) - if you are traveling by plane, contact your airline in advance to learn how to pack your nebulizer. If traveling internationally, make sure your device will work with power outlets in your destination.

Your health insurance card and provider’s contact information

Medications should always be packed in your carry-on rather than a checked bag. While the U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA)’s current limit on liquids, gels, and creams in a carry-on bag is 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters), there are exceptions for medications. Give yourself extra time to allow for screening of these items. If you use a nebulizer, it will likely require additional screening.

Customs officials may ask for proof of your prescription records if your medications don’t have labels or are from another country. If you are traveling internationally, carry physical proof of your prescription to avoid any issues when passing through security or customs. A prescription label or a copy of your prescription will work. (For most inhalers, the prescription label is on the box rather than the inhaler itself.)

While many pharmacy apps allow you to show digital proof of prescription records on your phone, you should have a physical label or prescription copy in case you do not have internet access.

While at your destination, always carry your quick-relief medication with you in case of an emergency. Take appropriate precautions to limit your exposure to asthma triggers. If your allergic asthma symptoms are triggered by poor air quality and pollution, checking daily air quality reports — included on many weather apps and websites — can help you prepare. Avoid exposure to smoke as much as possible.

If you are visiting a location with high temperatures, be sure to stay hydrated and consume enough fluids.

Alto Pharmacy is here every step of the way to make it easy to manage your asthma symptoms and prepare for travel. Our team of pharmacists is available to answer questions about your asthma medications, and we offer free, same-day delivery and medication management tools like reminders and auto refills in our app.

Reach out by phone at 1-800-874-5881 or in-app messaging to learn how Alto can support your asthma treatment plan.

Pulmonary hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure in the arteries that lead from the heart to the lungs becomes too high. Over time, the increased pressure can strain the right ventricle — the chamber of the heart that pumps blood that is low in oxygen to the lungs — potentially increasing an individual’s risk for heart failure.

Pulmonary Hypertension, Explained

Though certain forms of pulmonary hypertension do not have a cure, there are effective treatment options that can ease symptoms and help improve your quality of life. Here’s what to know about recognizing and treating pulmonary hypertension.

To understand pulmonary hypertension, it’s helpful to know how blood naturally flows from the heart to the lungs. The right ventricle — the heart’s lower right chamber — pumps blood without oxygen to the lungs through a large blood vessel called the pulmonary artery. After entering the lungs, the blood releases carbon dioxide and acquires oxygen. It then flows through pulmonary arteries to the left side of the heart.

Pulmonary hypertension occurs when the pulmonary arteries become narrowed, obstructing the flow of blood. This causes blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries to rise, which strains the heart’s right ventricle. In the long term, the right ventricle gradually grows weaker and becomes less effective at pumping blood to the lungs. In some cases, this may lead to the development of heart failure.

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive condition. Symptoms become more severe over time without effective treatment, and getting a diagnosis at an early stage is critical.

Pulmonary hypertension causes and risk factors

There are different types of pulmonary hypertension. While not all cases of pulmonary hypertension have a known cause, it frequently intersects with other health conditions.

The inflammation and loss of capillaries caused by advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may increase pulmonary artery pressure, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. For individuals living with both conditions, COPD flare-ups can worsen symptoms of pulmonary hypertension. Other lung conditions including pulmonary fibrosis have been linked to pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension often occurs in connection with certain types of heart disease including aortic valve disease, left heart failure, mitral valve disease, and congenital heart disease.

The following health conditions have also been linked to the development of pulmonary hypertension.

Liver disease can cause high blood pressure in the veins leading to the liver, also referred to as portal hypertension. This condition may expose blood vessels in the lungs to toxic substances, potentially damaging the small arteries of the lungs and leading to a form of pulmonary hypertension known as pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Rheumatic disorders such as scleroderma and lupus

Thromboembolic disease, a condition characterized by a blood clot in a large pulmonary artery

Some cases of pulmonary hypertension may have a genetic component. For those who have a family health history of pulmonary hypertension, it’s even more imperative to seek early evaluation for a diagnosis if symptoms appear.

Pulmonary hypertension affects individuals of all ages and sexes, but it is significantly more common in young adults, and approximately twice as common in women as in men.

Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension often do not appear until the condition has progressed to a later stage. For many individuals, the first symptom is shortness of breath during daily activities. Other common symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, fainting spells, swelling in the ankles, abdomen, or legs, and chest pain.

As the condition progresses further, it becomes increasingly difficult to carry out daily activities, and you may experience difficulty breathing even while at rest.

Pulmonary hypertension is linked to the following health conditions or complications.

Right-sided heart enlargement and heart failure, as pulmonary hypertension causes the heart to pump harder than normal to carry blood through narrowed arteries

Increased risk for blood clots in the small arteries in the lungs

Treatment and prevention of pulmonary hypertension

Treatment for pulmonary hypertension often consists of a combination of medications, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes.

The following medications may be used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

Anticoagulants, or blood thinners, like warfarin allow blood to flow more freely through the arteries by decreasing blood clot formation.

Diuretics including furosemide (Lasix®), torsemide (Demadex®), and spironolactone (Aldactone®) reduce swelling and make it easier to breathe by removing excess fluid from the bloodstream.

Inotropic agents like digoxin can improve the heart's pumping ability.

Vasodilators including nifedipine (Procardia®), diltiazem (Cardizem®), epoprostenol (Flolan®, Veletri®), and treprostinil (Tyvaso®, Remodulin®, Orenitram®) lower pulmonary blood pressure and can help improve the heart’s ability to pump blood.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sCG) stimulators such as riociguat (Adempas®) help your body release more nitric acid to relax vascular smooth muscle and increase the amount of blood your heart can pump.

Endothelin receptor antagonists such as bosentan (Tracleer®), macitentan (Opsumit®), and ambrisentan (Letairis®) widen your blood vessels.

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil (Revatio®, Viagra®) and tadalafil (Adcirca®, Cialis®, Alyq™) control blood flow to the pulmonary arteries and relax the blood vessels.

Supplemental oxygen, or oxygen therapy, can relieve shortness of breath and increase your tolerance for physical activities. There are several devices used in oxygen therapy. Your doctor can guide you in choosing the right oxygen delivery system based on your health needs, lifestyle, and insurance benefits. You may be prescribed one oxygen device to use at home and one to use when you are on the go.

Dietary considerations - Certain foods can help you manage pulmonary hypertension. Opt for foods that are high in potassium, magnesium, and fiber, and limit foods that contain refined sugar, saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium.

Exercise considerations - Physical activity is integral to a heart-healthy lifestyle, and those with pulmonary hypertension can improve circulation by walking, but the condition may prevent more strenuous forms of exercise. Stop any activity that causes shortness of breath, dizziness, or chest pain, and check with your doctor about recommended exercises.

Maintain a healthy weight - Pulmonary hypertension can lead to fluctuations in weight. It may be more difficult to gain weight due to the energy required to breathe. Conversely, fluid retention can lead to weight gain. As part of managing the condition, track your weight each day and inform your doctor if you gain two pounds in one day or five pounds in one week.

Avoid lifting or pushing objects greater than 20 pounds, as this may increase the pressure in your arteries and lungs.

Refrain from smoking and limit your alcohol consumption.

You can prevent certain forms of pulmonary hypertension by following a heart-healthy lifestyle and proactively managing related health conditions such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and COPD.

At Alto, we make it as simple as possible to manage your risk for chronic health conditions and to stay on top of your cholesterol-lowering, blood pressure, or COPD medications. We will work with your doctor, your insurance (if applicable), and any third party savings programs that you may qualify for to ensure your medications are as affordable as possible. And our team of pharmacists is available to chat whenever questions come up about side effects or how to take your medication properly.

Reach out any time via phone at 1-800-874-5881, or in-app messaging.

It’s understandable to feel overwhelmed after receiving a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — living with a chronic lung disease brings changes to many aspects of life. Many people don’t realize that the condition is highly treatable, and that there are things you can do to slow the progression of COPD. To help you better understand and manage your COPD, let’s take a look at five common misconceptions surrounding this lung disease.

Misconception About COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease refers to a group of progressive lung diseases. The two primary diseases under this umbrella are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Most people with COPD have both conditions, but it’s possible to have just one.

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema affect the lungs in different ways. Chronic bronchitis causes inflammation in the airways leading to your lungs, which leads to a chronic cough and increased mucus. Emphysema destroys your lungs’ fragile air sacs, or alveoli, obstructing airflow. When alveoli become damaged, the lungs cannot fully expel air carrying carbon dioxide out of the body, so some of it remains trapped in your lungs. Oxygen-rich air is then blocked from entering the lungs, which causes gradually worsening shortness of breath.

COPD may not be curable, but it is highly manageable. There are many treatment options that can ease symptoms and improve your quality of life, while also preventing the condition from progressing into a more advanced stage. In addition to lifestyle changes, COPD treatment may consist of medications, supplemental oxygen therapy (typically used for COPD caused by emphysema), and surgery in more advanced cases.

Medications commonly used to treat COPD include bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around the airways to make breathing easier, and inhaled corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent COPD exacerbations, or flare-ups.

Other medications may be used to treat exacerbations or more severe cases of COPD, including oral steroids and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors.

3. After a COPD diagnosis, it’s too late to quit smoking.

There is never a bad time to stop smoking and quitting is the most important thing you can do to manage COPD. Since COPD is a progressive lung disease, symptoms gradually become more severe over time. While it’s true that you cannot reverse the damage to your lungs caused by smoking, you can prevent COPD from progressing into a more advanced stage by maintaining healthy lifestyle habits. In fact, many people with early-stage COPD are able to regain near-normal lung function after quitting tobacco use. Even if your COPD has already progressed to a more advanced stage, quitting smoking will help reduce symptoms and prevent flare-ups and other health complications.

If you are having trouble quitting, ask your doctor for smoking cessation resources. They may be able to prescribe nicotine replacement therapy to help with withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Watch our webinar for more on the role of smoking cessation in COPD treatment.

The lung damage caused by COPD can affect other areas of the body. The condition can increase your risk of developing heart disease or having a heart attack. It may also lead to pulmonary hypertension, a condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries that transport blood to your lungs. The risk of these potential health complications is one reason it’s so important to get an early diagnosis, and to follow the treatment plan your doctor recommends in order to slow progression.

People with COPD are also more likely to contract the flu or pneumonia — and to have more intense symptoms of these illnesses — so as part of your COPD treatment plan, stay current with your yearly flu and pneumonia vaccines.

Quite the opposite — regular physical activity is key to maintaining a good quality of life and living healthily with COPD. While it may seem counterintuitive to exercise when you’re short of breath, physical activity can make it easier to breathe in the long run by strengthening your respiratory muscles.

It’s important to take it slow and practice gentle exercises that don’t overexert your lungs. Your doctor can help you determine appropriate activities based on your experience of COPD.

You may also benefit from a pulmonary rehabilitation program, which helps many people with COPD manage their condition and improve their quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an outpatient exercise and education program where physical therapists, dietitians, and other healthcare professionals share breathing techniques, nutritional advice, exercise recommendations, and other strategies for living with COPD.

Let Alto Pharmacy support your COPD treatment

We’re here every step of the way to help you manage COPD symptoms and get the medications you need, with free same-day delivery and easy-to-use medication management reminders in our app.

And our team of pharmacists are always here to answer your questions by phone or in the Alto app. Reach out any time through in-app messaging or by phone at 1-800-874-5881.

Your heart’s ability to pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body depends on the functioning of many different structural components. The heart’s four valves allow blood to flow through your heart in the right direction. When they don’t open or close properly, the flow of blood throughout your body is disrupted.

Understanding Heart Valve Disease

Heart valve disease refers to several conditions in which one or more of your heart valves doesn’t function properly. Without treatment, heart valve disease can potentially lead to other heart health issues, but it can be managed with heart medications, lifestyle changes, and, in more severe cases, surgical procedures. Here’s what to know about recognizing and treating heart valve disease.

Your heart has four chambers: the two upper chambers, or atria, which receive blood, and the two lower chambers, or ventricles, which pump blood. Each time blood leaves or enters one of these chambers, it passes through one of the heart’s four valves:

The mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle

The tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, the heart’s main artery to the body

The pulmonic valve, located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, which transports blood without oxygen from the heart to the lungs

Each valve has flaps that open and close with every heartbeat. The tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves all have three flaps, and the mitral valve has two. Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the valves doesn’t open or close, affecting blood flow. These conditions typically develop from one of two main issues with heart valves: regurgitation and stenosis.

Regurgitation refers to leakage of a heart valve. When a heart valve doesn’t shut completely, blood flows backwards. This reduces forward blood flow, causing the heart to fill with too much blood.

Stenosis refers to the narrowing of a heart valve, which constrains blood flow out of the ventricles. This causes the heart to pump blood more forcefully in order to get blood to pass through the stiff, or stenotic, valve.

Regurgitation and stenosis are not mutually exclusive; one valve can develop both issues at the same time. An individual with a heart valve disease may also have issues with more than one heart valve.

All types of heart valve disease cause the heart to work harder to pump blood. Since heart valve issues can significantly disrupt blood flow, these disorders can lead to other heart health issues without effective treatment. Heart valve disease is a contributing factor in many cases of heart failure, and it can also cause strokes, blood clots, or abnormal heart rhythms.

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