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Every year, thousands of people in the US develop illnesses that are preventable with vaccines, in some cases resulting in serious health complications or hospitalization. In honor of National Immunization Awareness Month this August, take a moment to learn more about the importance of vaccination and make sure you are up to date with recommended vaccines. 

National Immunization Awareness Month 2023

Vaccines, which were first developed in 1796 for smallpox, provide the best defense against many diseases. They are one of the safest ways to protect your health, as side effects are typically mild and resolve themselves without treatment.

Building on your immune system’s natural function, vaccines lower the risk of getting certain diseases or developing serious complications. And in lowering your chance of spreading these diseases, they also help you keep your loved ones safe.

Immunization remains important throughout your whole life, even if you received routine vaccines as a child. Not only does the protection of some vaccines weaken over time, you may develop new risks for illnesses based on age, occupation, travel, or changes to your overall health.

Many chronic conditions — including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, heart disease, COPD, and asthma — increase your risk of developing serious complications from vaccine-preventable diseases. For this reason, vaccines are a critical part of managing these conditions, even if you are also taking medication to control symptoms. Here’s more on the importance of immunization when living with a chronic illness.

Diabetes can make it more difficult for your immune system to fight infection and illness, putting individuals with the condition at a greater risk for complications of the flu, pneumonia, meningitis, and other vaccine-preventable diseases. Additionally, some of these illnesses can interfere with diabetes management — for example, the flu can drastically increase blood sugar levels.

Like diabetes, heart disease makes it more difficult for your immune system to protect you from illness, leading to a greater risk for complications. The flu can also increase a person’s risk for heart attack and stroke.

COPD and asthma can increase swelling of the airways and lungs. When individuals with these conditions get vaccine-preventable diseases that similarly impact respiratory function, they are more likely to experience complications. Adults with these respiratory conditions also face a greater risk for flu-related complications.

Not sure which vaccines you need? We have helpful information about the CDC’s recommended vaccination schedules below, but be sure to confirm with your provider as well!

The CDC recommends that all adults stay up to date on the following vaccines:

Covid-19 vaccine - currently, everyone ages six years and older needs one dose of the updated Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna covid-19 vaccine to be up to date. Adults ages 65 and older are eligible to get a second dose of these vaccines.

Flu vaccine - recommended once every year for all infants, children, and adults over the age of six months 

Additional recommendations for specific age ranges include:

19-26 years old: Make sure you’re also up to date on the chickenpox, hepatitis B, HPV, and MMR vaccines. Ask your provider if additional vaccines are recommended, including the MenB vaccine.

27-49 years old: Make sure you’re also up to date on the hepatitis B and MMR vaccines. Ask your provider if additional vaccines are recommended, including the chickenpox and HPV vaccines if you haven’t already received them.

50-64 years old: Make sure you’re also up to date on the shingles vaccine. Ask your provider if additional vaccines are recommended, including the hepatitis B and MMR vaccines if you haven’t already received them.

65 years and older: Make sure you’re also up to date on the pneumococcal and shingles vaccines.

CDC vaccine recommendations for children ages six and under

CDC vaccine recommendations for children ages 7 to 18.

Getting the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy gives your baby short-term protection against whooping cough, which can be life-threatening for newborns. Additional vaccines may be recommended before, during, and after pregnancy. Learn more about vaccines and pregnancy here.

Some international travel may require additional vaccines, depending on your itinerary and vaccination history. You can find more information about travel vaccines here.

Most recommended vaccines are offered at doctor’s offices, and your provider is a great place to start. Ask if they offer the vaccines you need. If not, they can give you a referral.

Pharmacies and community health clinics are other common vaccination locations. Some people are even able to get certain vaccines at their workplace.

If you have health insurance, another option is to ask your insurance provider for a list of vaccine providers in your network.

The Vaccines for Children program offers free vaccines to children and adolescents 18 and under who meet any of the following criteria:

Do not have health insurance or coverage of recommended vaccines

Choose a reliable and flexible pharmacy partner

Alto Pharmacy makes it simple to live your healthiest life by providing an easier, more supportive, and more affordable prescription experience. Our pharmacists are here with information and answers, even during nights and weekends. And the Alto app gives you control and convenience in managing your medications, with auto refills, medication bundling, and custom dosing reminders.

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

There’s a spectrum of infertility experiences. The 11% of US couples affected by secondary infertility first have difficulty conceiving after previously giving birth without fertility treatment.

Infertility can be overwhelming to navigate regardless of when it occurs in the family building journey. And secondary infertility can bring unique challenges of its own. Fortunately, the condition is just as treatable as primary infertility, or difficulty becoming pregnant for the first time.

What to Know About Secondary Infertility

There’s a spectrum of infertility experiences. The 11% of US couples affected by secondary infertility first have difficulty conceiving after previously giving birth without fertility treatment.

Infertility can be overwhelming to navigate regardless of when it occurs in the family building journey. And secondary infertility can bring unique challenges of its own. Fortunately, the condition is just as treatable as primary infertility, or difficulty becoming pregnant for the first time.

Here’s what to know about causes, treatment options, and support resources for secondary infertility.

Like primary infertility, secondary infertility can be caused by female reproductive factors, male reproductive factors, a combination of both, or unknown causes.

Causes of secondary infertility in women and people assigned female at birth

Women become less fertile as they age, with a significant decline in the quantity and quality of their eggs from the mid 30s until they eventually reach menopause. Lower-quality eggs are more likely to have chromosomal abnormalities, which increases the chance of miscarriage and reduces the chance of a successful pregnancy.

Structural issues with reproductive organs

Blocked or damaged reproductive organs, specifically the fallopian tubes or uterus, can result in secondary infertility. There are several potential reasons for damage to the female reproductive organs.

Complications related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), chlamydia, or gonorrhea can block the fallopian tubes.

Procedures such as dilation and curettage (D&C) or a c-section delivery can cause scarring in the uterus.

Benign polyps or fibroids may block fallopian tubes or interfere with the implantation of a fertilized egg, or embryo.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by a hormone imbalance that impacts ovulation. It is a leading cause of female infertility.

Endometriosis occurs when tissue that should only grow in the uterus implants and grows elsewhere. The abnormal tissue growth — as well as surgical procedures to remove it — can block the fallopian tubes, preventing the fertilization of an egg. Endometriosis can also interfere with embryo implantation.

Changes in weight or other lifestyle factors

Being underweight or overweight can both impact a woman’s fertility. So can behavioral or lifestyle factors including smoking and substance use.

Causes of secondary infertility in men and people assigned male at birth

Male infertility most often stems from issues with sperm production, including sperm quality, motility, or quantity. Contributing factors may include the following.

Decline in the quality of semen, the fluid that carries sperm

Health conditions including hormone, pituitary gland, or immune system problems and genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis

Certain medications and medical treatments, including some blood pressure and arthritis medications and treatment for cancer, urinary tract infections, and more

If you are experiencing secondary infertility, you may be wondering why it’s more difficult to conceive than before. Here are some reasons why a fertility issue may develop later in life.

Both male and female fertility change over time. The quantity and quality of a woman’s eggs decline with age. There is a similar, though not as severe, relationship between age and sperm quantity and quality. It’s also possible that a fertility issue has become more severe over time. 

Physical changes, new health issues, or lifestyle factors can influence a male or female partner’s fertility. Weight gain or loss or shifts in habits like smoking or substance use may lead to more difficulty conceiving.

A new diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease, chlamydia, or gonorrhea is another potential factor in secondary infertility.

Taking a new medication could also change a person’s fertility. For example, common treatments for high blood pressure, arthritis, seizures, or ulcerative colitis can impact sperm quality. And treatment for certain types of cancer can also affect both male and female fertility.

Fertility issues caused by a previous pregnancy or birth

Structural issues with the fallopian tubes or uterus can develop as the result of a complication from a previous miscarriage, pregnancy, or birth.

The timeline for seeking treatment for secondary infertility is the same as that for primary infertility and depends on your age. 

If you are under 35, most health experts suggest consulting a reproductive specialist after a year of trying to conceive.

If you are between 35 and 40, you may want to pursue testing or treatment after six months of trying to become pregnant.

If you are over 40, you may want to pursue testing or treatment before you start trying to conceive.

It’s important to be proactive about seeking treatment for secondary infertility. To increase your chances of success with treatment, don’t wait to pursue a consultation with a fertility specialist based on your past experience(s) conceiving.

It is also recommended to pursue testing or treatment before trying to conceive if you or your partner have any of the following risk factors for secondary infertility:

A history of a sexually transmitted infection such as pelvic inflammatory disease

Common treatment options for secondary infertility

There are many treatment options that can help increase your chances of conception. The most effective course of treatment depends on the underlying cause of your or your partner’s fertility issues. These are some common treatments for secondary infertility.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in which eggs and sperm are fertilized in a laboratory and then placed into the uterus with the potential outcome of a pregnancy. In addition to treating female infertility, IVF can also be used when male infertility is a factor.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a type of artificial insemination in which sperm that have been washed and concentrated are placed directly into a woman’s uterus during ovulation.

Injectable fertility medications like gonadotropins and oral fertility medications such as Clomid® and Femara® can treat fertility-related hormonal imbalances in women.

Oral fertility medications such as Clomid®, letrozole (Femara®), and anastrozole (Arimidex®) and injectable gonadotropin therapy are common treatments for male infertility.

Secondary infertility can be a difficult and emotionally complex diagnosis to process. The need for support is just as great as it is for primary infertility. It’s often helpful to connect with others who have faced similar challenges. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association offers virtual and in-person support groups specifically for secondary infertility.

To learn more, search their directory of support groups by topic.

Fertility treatment can be a challenging journey, but Alto is with you every step of the way. We offer reliable same-day delivery of your medications and fertility resources like personalized injection guide videos and access to fertility-trained pharmacists.

Interested in learning more about how Alto can support your treatment? Request a price quote online or reach out through secure in-app messaging.

All third party trademarks (including logos and icons) referenced by Alto Pharmacy remain the property of their respective owners. Unless specifically identified as such, Alto’s use of third party trademarks does not indicate any relationship, sponsorship or endorsement between Alto and the owners of these trademarks.

No industry is immune to burnout, including pharmacy. At many traditional retail pharmacies, individual pharmacists are often asked to do more than is possible on any given workday. Not only does this deprive talented and extensively trained health professionals of a manageable working environment, it deprives patients of the exceptional care they deserve.

pharmacists-spotlight-roni-hein

The better pharmacy model we’ve created at Alto makes life easier for everyone involved in the prescription process: patients, physicians, and pharmacists. And in restructuring how pharmacists work, we haven’t just separated fulfillment and patient care responsibilities into different roles — we’ve ensured that there’s ample support for each specialization, as there should be in any profession.

To wrap up our series of pharmacist profiles in celebration of American Pharmacist Month, we spoke to Roni Hein, a patient care pharmacist lead who takes care of her team so that they can in turn care for patients.

What motivated you to pursue a career in pharmacy?

It all began with my high school and college job at Target. I interacted a lot with the pharmacy team while working in the health and beauty section and eventually moved into that department.

I never expected it to be more than a college job, but it turned into the beginning of my professional path. As I worked there, I was able to see the impact pharmacists made in customers’ lives each day. It really struck me that in many communities, including mine, pharmacists were the most accessible healthcare providers. That accessibility is so impactful on a person’s well-being.

What challenges have you encountered as a pharmacist?

Limited time and isolation behind the counter, without question. In retail pharmacy, more and more responsibilities were added to my job description, with fewer resources to accomplish them.

All pharmacists value the personal connections we make with patients. I think many of us would say that making an impact through patient counseling is the best part of our day, but that is often what gets lost when pharmacists are asked to do more. Our primary driver for entering the profession is the first thing to go. I found a very refreshing change at Alto.

Everyone at Alto, no matter their department or role, has the same shared goal of improving patient lives by transforming the pharmacy model. As a patient care pharmacist lead, I do that by supporting my people. I create the space for our pharmacists to do their best work. They are able to have better interactions with patients because they are taken care of.

The pandemic has been a trying time for many companies and teams, including mine. I am constantly looking for new ways to ward off burnout and maintain a sense of camaraderie, not only for the pharmacists I manage, but for the benefit of our customers as well.

The individual locations of many retail pharmacies can feel very separate from each other. Each one often serves a single population.

The centralization of Alto’s patient care team is a contrast to that model. We have a cohesive, unified team serving all patients. That means there’s a depth of resources available to each pharmacist, which is also really important for retaining great talent.

Our pharmacists have a great support system in their colleagues. There’s other smart, driven pharmacists to bounce ideas off of. Unfortunately, you don’t always get that in our profession.

It also means that you don’t have to worry about anything falling through the cracks if something comes up outside of work. It's a game changer to be able to take time to grieve a loved one or to care for your child if they’re sick while knowing that your patients are still in expert hands. I never had that in retail pharmacy.

Finally, what is one thing people would be surprised to know about life as a pharmacist?

At a tech-oriented pharmacy like Alto where there’s so much innovation, you’re constantly thinking of new and creative ways to problem solve. It’s challenging in the best possible way. There isn’t a day when I don’t have to put my critical thinking skills to use.

This is part of a series of pharmacist profiles to recognize American Pharmacist Month 2022. Meet the other pharmacists featured in this series: patient care pharmacist Travis Allison, specialty patient care pharmacist Gabrielle Kaplan, and medication therapy management pharmacist Wei-Lin Chang.

National Pharmacists Month Spotlight: Roni Hein

For many Americans living with a chronic health condition, prescription medications are necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications. But following a treatment plan can be easier said than done. There are many considerations involved, from managing medication interactions and side effects to staying on track with related testing and follow-up appointments. And of the 66% of U.S. adults who are prescribed medication, only half take their medication as prescribed.

National Pharmacists Month Spotlight: Wei-Lin Chang

At Alto, medication therapy management pharmacists like Wei-Lin Chang help patients navigate all the complexities of managing a chronic disease. As part of our coverage of American Pharmacist Month 2022, we spoke to Wei-Lin about her professional path, the challenges of retail pharmacy, and the importance of medication education.

I honestly didn’t know what I wanted to do when I first entered college. My parents encouraged me to pursue a career in healthcare, but I knew I was a bit too squeamish around needles to become a doctor or nurse.

I took a chemistry class that I really enjoyed and decided to do all the pharmacy prereqs. I then did an internship with the head of pharmacy at Cook County Hospital in Chicago. Through that experience, I saw firsthand that pharmacists were a critical liaison between patients and doctors, with so much valuable information about medication strength, directions, dosing, and administration.

After that, I pretty much knew that pharmacy was for me. I’ve been practicing since 2002.

Before Alto, I worked in traditional retail pharmacy. In that setting, you’re so busy as a pharmacist — it’s one customer after another after another.

I worked both daytime and night shifts, and it was during the night shift, when the store was much more quiet, that I could really counsel patients without feeling so pressed for time. During the day, I simply didn’t have the free minutes to always answer patient questions or give recommendations.

Another challenge I faced was the perception of our profession. At the beginning of my career, in the early 2000s, many people I encountered didn’t know a pharmacist did much beyond putting pills in bottles and handing them off to customers. Not only did this lead to frustration from my customers, who would wonder what we were doing and why it was taking so long, it led to missed opportunities to more actively participate in a patient’s health journey. 

More medication education for patients is an urgent need within American healthcare. People taking multiple medications have to be mindful of potential side effects and medication interactions.

The growing field of medication therapy management is an opportunity for pharmacists to play an even bigger role in patient health, and I’m very proud to work for a company that prioritizes this particular area of pharmacy.

As a medication therapy management (MTM) pharmacist, I contact patients who take multiple medications — often multiple heart medications — and review their entire regimen over the phone. I make sure that they understand the purpose of each medication they’re taking and are on track with related testing.

For example, it’s important to get your liver function checked every 6-12 months if you’re taking cholesterol-lowering medications that are processed by the liver, or to get your A1C levels checked every 3-6 months if you’re taking diabetes medication.

We also discuss side effects, interactions, when to take medication, and what food to take it with. Too often, there isn’t the space for these conversations between pharmacists and patients, but they are so essential to a patient’s overall health. 

I love our pharmacy specializations. It’s unique to have a team that focuses solely on patients and another team that focuses on fulfillment. Not all pharmacies have a medication therapy management program, and it’s possible at Alto in part because of our smart allocation of resources.

Being able to use all of my time to focus on my core job functions is such a contrast to retail pharmacy, where you’re constantly bombarded from all sides at once.

As a pharmacist, what does “care” mean to you?

Care to me means going above and beyond for your patients and making sure all loose ends are tied. As an example, I recently initiated a transfer for one of the heart medications a patient takes. At Alto, we always complete every single step of the prescription transfer process on the patient’s behalf. He was so appreciative, and when I got off the phone, I could tell from his voice that he was smiling ear to ear. That’s the experience I want all of my patients to have.

This is part of a series of pharmacist profiles to recognize American Pharmacist Month 2022. To keep the Pharmacist Month celebrations going, meet patient care pharmacist Travis Allison and specialty patient care pharmacist Gabrielle Kaplan.

Each October, American Pharmacist Month is an opportunity to not only celebrate the dedication of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, but also to shine a light on all that they do.

National Pharmacists Month Spotlight: Gabrielle Kaplan

The average American visits a pharmacy 35 times a year, and the availability of pharmacists has the potential to address many gaps within healthcare, like access to the underutilized HIV prevention medication PrEP.

Many people who could benefit from the medication are unable to get a prescription from their primary care provider, whether it’s because they live too far from the doctor’s office or aren’t comfortable speaking about their sexual health. There's growing recognition that expanding the role of pharmacists in HIV prevention can help increase PrEP usage.

At Alto, we’re committed to maximizing the possibilities of pharmacy care. Not only do we divide our pharmacy roles into fulfillment and patient advocacy — we have numerous specializations under the umbrella of patient advocacy that allow our pharmacists to be part of the solution to precisely these healthcare challenges.

As part of our coverage of American Pharmacist Month, we spoke with Gabrielle Kaplan, a specialty patient care pharmacist who makes HIV prevention medication and treatment for complex chronic conditions more manageable for patients.

I’m a patient care pharmacist in our specialty department. We oversee medications that aren’t as common and which often have more side effects — or more serious side effects — including HIV medications, PrEP for HIV prevention, and injectable medications used to treat chronic conditions like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and high cholesterol.

The side effects associated with these medications can keep people from continuing with them. Since there’s a team of us whose sole focus is serving the patients who take these medications, they don’t just stop treatment. And they don’t have to worry about reaching out to us — we proactively check in. If anything is bothering them, we’ll take the initiative to call their provider and discuss their concerns.

What motivated you to focus on specialty pharmacy, specifically HIV treatment and prevention?

I was very interested in learning more about HIV treatment back in pharmacy school since a family member had passed away from it. The medications available today have drastically transformed what a diagnosis even means. I was excited by the possibilities, and it was always on my radar as a potential interest for the future. Working at Alto is the first time that I’ve been able to completely immerse myself in this specialization.

It’s a rapidly evolving area of both medicine and pharmacy, and there continues to be so much opportunity for pharmacists to take on a bigger role. In my state of Colorado, pharmacists can prescribe the HIV prevention medications PrEP and PEP. At Alto, we’re always discussing these updates and trying to expand the scope of what we offer patients and how we support their treatment.

By far the biggest pain point I experienced in retail pharmacy was staffing and having the number of pharmacists needed to execute all the day’s tasks while still providing great patient care.

Everyone working in a pharmacy is doing their very best, but there’s only so much we can do in an allotted time. It’s a disservice to patients and to those who work in the field — trying to balance the demands with your own mental well-being becomes nearly impossible.How do Alto’s pharmacy specializations make a difference for you and your patients?

Having a specific focus on patient care allows us to actually deliver quality patient care. At retail pharmacies where one pharmacist is doing it all, you’re trying to fill a prescription while on the phone and with someone yelling at you from across the room.

With fulfillment and patient advocacy separated at Alto, we are each able to focus on what’s in front of us at any given moment. For me, that means I can give patients my full and undivided attention and spend as much time with them as possible.

We have such a great team and plenty of support, so there’s no need to worry about other people’s tasks. We can each do the jobs that we’ve been specifically trained and are uniquely equipped to do.

What else is unique about Alto’s model?

The digital model makes it so that geography is less of an obstacle to care, and that each patient in our service areas has access to all of our resources. This is particularly relevant to my division of specialty pharmacy.

Many traditional retail pharmacies don’t have a specialty pharmacy in every physical location. Sometimes the specialty pharmacy is one centralized location from which everything is mailed. That means you won’t necessarily have a pharmacist in your local store who’s familiar with your medications and able to counsel you.

The medication used to treat or prevent HIV is complex, and it can be difficult to stay on track with treatment. The fact that any Alto customer taking these medications can talk to a pharmacist with deep expertise in that area of pharmacy makes a world of difference.

It means always putting patients first — thinking about the care you would want a family member or friend to receive and delivering just that.

This is part of a series of pharmacist profiles to recognize American Pharmacist Month 2022. To keep the Pharmacist Month celebrations going, meet patient care pharmacist Travis Allison.

Pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare professionals, seeing people 5 to 8 times more frequently per year than primary care providers. Their role has become more expansive than ever, and many people don’t realize just how integral they are to a patient’s health and well-being.

National Pharmacists Month Spotlight: Travis Allison

At Alto, fulfillment pharmacists focus on dispensing medication — ensuring that the entire process is carefully monitored every step of the way — while patient advocacy pharmacists tackle anything related to a patient’s wellness, from provider communication and insurance coordination to guidance on managing chronic health conditions.

These specializations have opened up entirely new possibilities for the patient-pharmacist relationship at Alto. And this October, as we celebrate American Pharmacist Month, we’re spotlighting a few of the extraordinary Alto pharmacists who focus on patient advocacy.

To kick things off, we’re pleased to introduce Travis Allison, a patient care pharmacist based in Dallas, Texas.

I took the long and winding road here. I didn’t always know this was what I wanted to do. In college, I started off as an English major but had a change of heart after a semester or two. I went on to study agriculture, and those experiences made me believe that I could pursue a path grounded in science.

My childhood memories of visiting the pharmacist were always in the back of my mind. As a kid, I hated going to the doctor. When those dreaded appointments were over and done with, I knew I’d get to see a guy in a white coat who would give me something to feel better. I always saw pharmacists as a comfort in the often scary world of healthcare.

At any chain pharmacy — which is where I spent my career before Alto — pharmacists are inundated with so many tasks. It isn’t that these tasks are unrelated to pharmacy, but they interfere with our ability to deliver patient care.

On a typical day, I would give 100 Covid shots and fill 200 prescriptions by myself while also coordinating billing and calling doctors’ offices. We also had to think about corporate metrics. I was frequently asked to get more people signed up for text message alerts and hit specific quotas.

Patient care is always the priority, for any pharmacist, but the reality of my job made it extremely difficult, and often impossible, to give patients the time they deserved.

The first thing I noticed when I started at Alto were the specializations. We have many different team members to handle all the responsibilities that fall on a single person’s shoulders at a traditional retail pharmacy.

I’m a patient care pharmacist, which is distinct from fulfillment pharmacists who process prescriptions.

I review prescriptions for accuracy and initiate medication transfers, and I interact with both patients and doctors. I’m here to answer any questions a patient has about their medication.

In a way, I feel like I’m on the frontlines the same way that I was when I worked in a pharmacy chain. It’s all of what I liked about retail pharmacy without the distractions of retail. We’re able to practice our most important functions as pharmacists without the noise.

We’re utilizing technology in a way no other pharmacy does, which allows us to communicate with patients and providers in so many different ways — without having to rush through interactions.

And the wheels of change turn much more quickly at a tech-oriented company than they do at a massive corporation. At my previous job, you could have conversations all day about what improvements were needed, but nothing ever happened. Alto was founded by software engineers, and we’re able to easily make changes in real time.

As a digital pharmacy, we serve so many patients that only we can serve. I talk to many who are homebound without a caretaker. Because of Alto’s model, I’m able to communicate with them, and we’re often their only point of contact within the healthcare system. I don’t know of another way these patients could get pharmacy care.

The digital model also allows us to get a broader view of healthcare, and to make an impact on a larger scale. Alto was one of few places where New Yorkers could get the Covid medication Paxlovid when it was first introduced.

It was incredible to be sitting here in Texas, getting prescriptions out in New York City just as a new variant came out that was really devastating to the city. At no other pharmacy would I have been able to help out my neighbors in New York.

Those moments where you can tell in a patient’s voice that you seriously helped them. To me, that’s an indication of how well I’m doing my job, much more so than the number of prescriptions processed or dollars generated.

Alto’s mission is to improve the quality of life for all who need medicine, building a pharmacy experience that serves people of all backgrounds. As we work toward a more inclusive and accessible healthcare system, we recognize the importance of diversity among physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other public health figures. In honor of Black History Month, take a moment to learn about five influential Black healthcare leaders past and present — those who paved the way and those who continue to break barriers today

Five Black Healthcare Leaders to Celebrate

Alto’s mission is to improve the quality of life for all who need medicine, building a pharmacy experience that serves people of all backgrounds. As we work toward a more inclusive and accessible healthcare system, we recognize the importance of diversity among physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other public health figures. In honor of Black History Month, take a moment to learn about five influential Black healthcare leaders past and present — those who paved the way and those who continue to break barriers today. (For additional inspiration, revisit the first post in this series.)

Dr. M. Jocelyn Elders: the first Black U.S. surgeon general

As a Black woman born to farmers in a rural, poverty-stricken area of Arkansas, M. Jocelyn Elders encountered numerous obstacles on her path to becoming the first Black U.S. Surgeon General in 1993. At 16, she met a doctor for the first time, but she didn't consider a profession in healthcare until she connected with Edith Irby Jones, the first Black person to attend the University of Arkansas Medical School, during college.

Throughout her career, Dr. Elders balanced clinical practice and research, increasing the public’s awareness of adolescent health issues. In 1987, Bill Clinton, then the governor of Arkansas, appointed Dr. Elders as head of the state’s Department of Health. The Arkansas state legislature mandated sexual education and substance misuse prevention programs in the K-12 curriculum in 1989 in large part because of Dr. Elders’ advocacy. During her tenure as Surgeon General, Dr. Elders continued to champion progressive policies, advocating for better sexual education programs, distribution of condoms in schools, and abortion rights. She remains active in the field of public health as a professor emeritus at the University of Arkansas School of Medicine.

Bernard J. Tyson: former CEO of Kaiser Permanente

As chairman and CEO of Kaiser Permanente, Bernard Tyson transformed the company’s services to account for social determinants of health like food access and affordable housing as well as the importance of mental health and wellness. He was also instrumental in the development of the Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, which trains physicians to be not only clinicians, but patient advocates and innovators, too. By shining a spotlight on how social determinants of health contribute to disparities in health outcomes, Tyson leaves behind a legacy that reaches far beyond Kaiser’s services.

Nadine Burke Harris: first surgeon general of California

A physician, researcher, advocate, and California’s first surgeon general, Dr. Nadine Burke Harris has transformed how our society responds to childhood trauma. While running a health clinic in an underserved San Francisco neighborhood, she observed that preventative health practices and quality treatment didn’t resolve her patients’ risk for poor health outcomes. Drawing upon research from the CDC and Kaiser Permanente on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which linked early adversity to higher rates of chronic illness later in life, Dr. Burke Harris studied her own patients and found that more than 67% had experienced at least one ACE. She has helped increase public awareness of ACEs and toxic stress, advocating for universal screening of children and adolescents for signs of trauma. Her 2014 TED Talk, “How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across the Lifetime,” has been viewed more than 7.5 million times, and she published The Deepest Well: Healing the Long-Term Effects of Childhood Adversity in 2018.

Dr. Patrice Harris: first Black female president of the American Medical Association

Despite not knowing any doctors while growing up in West Virginia, Dr. Patrice Harris’ passion for medicine started early. The board-certified psychiatrist initially planned to pursue pediatrics but shifted her focus after discovering an interest in psychiatry during medical school. Her focus on child psychiatry allows her to merge her passion for children with her expertise in mental health. Throughout her career, Dr. Harris has focused on the role of implicit bias within the medical profession and how unconscious biases among healthcare workers influence health disparities.

Dr. Harris’ involvement in the professional healthcare community spans many leadership positions at state and national organizations. She became the first Black woman elected as president of the American Medical Association in 2020. During her tenure, she focused on a variety of health issues, from opioid addiction to COVID-19. She previously chaired the AMA’s Opioid Task Force, providing evidence-based recommendations to clinicians with the goal of ending the opioid epidemic.

Betty Smith Williams: first Black graduate of the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing

Betty Smith Williams was the first Black student to earn a nursing degree from Cleveland’s Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, in 1954, and the first Black individual to teach at a higher education institution in the state of California, but her individual accomplishments are only a part of her legacy. Williams has helped ensure that today’s aspiring Black healthcare professionals have the opportunities and support to break down barriers of their own. She was instrumental in developing the National Black Nurses Association and the National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Nurse Associations, Inc. — initiatives that have elevated the voices of Black nurses within the profession. In uniting Black nurses, Williams hoped to create better health outcomes among the Black community. In her own words: "We had no voice, but we understood our culture and our unique needs better than anyone else.”

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If you are considering freezing your eggs, it’s important to take the financial aspects of treatment into account. Here are our top financial planning tips and resources to support your egg freezing journey.

A Financial Planning Guide for Egg Freezing

Egg freezing — a fertility preservation treatment that allows you to freeze unfertilized eggs and store them for later use — has allowed millions of individuals to leave open the possibility of having children in the future and experience more flexibility in their family-planning timelines.

If you are considering freezing your eggs, it’s important to take the financial aspects of treatment into account. While it’s true that egg freezing is a significant investment of time and resources, there are many options for managing or lowering the costs of treatment so that you can move forward with the process. Here are our top financial planning tips and resources to support your egg freezing journey.

Before you can determine how to pay for egg freezing, it’s important to have a sense of the total cost. Keep in mind that egg freezing expenses are ongoing. In the short term, you are accounting for fertility medications and the egg freezing cycle (or cycles). These costs vary from one individual to another, as your reproductive health — including the number of eggs in your ovarian reserve — will inform your individual medication protocol and the number of cycles needed to retrieve your target number of eggs.

Long-term egg freezing expenses include the cost of storing your eggs and in vitro fertilization (IVF) — the process of thawing your eggs, fertilizing them with sperm, and having them placed into your uterus through a non-surgical procedure — if you decide to use them in the future. The length of time that you store your eggs will impact the overall cost. 

You may not be able to accurately predict all of these variables in advance, but identifying your longer-term reproductive goals and mapping out a vision can help you prepare as much as possible for the total investment. Setting up a consultation with a fertility clinic can be a good first step toward getting the information you need about your reproductive health to plan accordingly. The cost of a consultation typically ranges from $250-500, and clinics typically list these fees on their website or can provide specific information over the phone.

Savings and support from family and friends

Depending on your individual circumstances, you may have money in a savings account that you can use for part of your egg freezing expenses. If you have questions about getting started with a savings account, a financial planner or a budgeting tool like NerdWallet, Mint or Savology can help you determine how much money you may need to seek through grants, loans, and other resources.

You may also have family or friends who are able to contribute. If you are comfortable sharing your egg freezing experience with others, consider using fundraising websites like GoFundMe to reach out to your extended network for donations.

Health insurance coverage and workplace benefits

Some health insurance plans offer partial or full coverage of egg freezing-related costs including medications and IVF. Note that most insurance plans have separate medical and pharmacy benefits. In most cases, professional services provided by your doctor or clinic will fall under medical benefits. Fertility medications will likely fall under pharmacy benefits, though in some cases they may fall under your medical benefits.

If you have a health savings account (HSA) or a flexible spending account (FSA) — two types of pre-tax accounts you can use for healthcare expenses — consider planning ahead to use these accounts to reduce the total cost of your fertility treatments and your taxable income.

In addition, some employers offer egg freezing coverage as part of their employee benefits, separate from your health insurance plan. Do not be discouraged if you learn that your employer doesn’t currently cover egg freezing: employers who offer fertility coverage often do so in response to an employee’s request. RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association, a nonprofit that supports individuals and couples affected by infertility, has resources to help you start a conversation with your employer about fertility coverage benefits.

Your total egg freezing expenses also depend on your choice of fertility clinic. Most clinics can share the total out of pocket costs for egg freezing if you do not have any insurance coverage. As you explore your options, call various clinics to ask about costs with a list of questions prepared in advance. Here are examples of questions to ask:

Based on my specific treatment plan, what is the typical all-inclusive cost?

What is included in the treatment cost and what is not?

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