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Here are seven unconventional ways to support your heart that have sparked the interest of leading health experts. 

7 Unusual Heart Health Risk Factors

What Science is Revealing About Heart Health

Researchers are working hard to curb the impact of heart disease, which is currently the leading cause of death in the United States. These efforts to develop new prevention strategies have led them to some surprising heart health hypotheses. You probably know that you should eat well and stay active, but these lesser-known risk factors may not be on your radar. Here are seven unconventional ways to support your heart that have sparked the interest of leading health experts. 

It turns out, brushing your teeth may have more benefits than just sparkly whites and fresh breath. Numerous studies have documented a link between poor dental health and heart disease. The verdict is still out as to why, but the prevailing theories point to inflammation. It could be that the bacteria which infect gums enter the bloodstream and cause blood vessel inflammation or that the body’s immune response is to blame. While more research is needed, it’s one more reason to brush your teeth for the recommended two minutes twice a day and get regular dental checkups. 

There have been some interesting studies exploring the connection between workplace stress and heart health. A decade-long study in Sweden found that having a bad boss increases your risk of a heart attack. Additional research has suggested that working long hours may increase your risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. 

A key takeaway here is that stress, in general, isn’t great for your overall health. Stress causes your cortisol levels to spike, which can lead to high blood pressure, weight gain, sleep disruption, and reduced energy over time. Not to mention, your diet, exercise routine, and other healthy habits often suffer when you’re stressed out. Make sure to find ways to unwind at the end of your workday, whether that means listening to a relaxing soundtrack on your drive home or a brief meditation before you make dinner. Sometimes you can’t avoid challenging coworkers or chaotic days, but you can put strategies in place to help you feel calmer and more resilient. 

Not that you needed another reason to love your pets, but several studies have shown that pet ownership, especially having a dog, can improve heart health. According to Harvard Health, researchers have found that dog owners have lower blood pressure and cholesterol than non-owners, probably because dogs require daily walks and tend to have a calming effect on their humans. 

If you’re not a dog owner, we don’t advise adding pets to your life purely as a health strategy. Instead, you might consider stopping to meet some of your four-legged neighbors. A few studies have found that just petting a dog can lower your blood pressure. 

Sleep is the unsung hero of the health world. It allows your whole body to rest and replenish. Although your heart never stops beating, it does slow down and recover during sleep. According to John Hopkins Medicine, by depriving your heart of this crucial recovery time, lack of sleep increases your risk of heart attack and heart disease.

If you have trouble sleeping, creating a nightly ritual can help. Try to wind down at the same time every evening and create a calm, dark, and quiet environment in your bedroom. You should turn off your electronic devices at least thirty minutes before bedtime to help your body prepare for restful sleep. 

If you find yourself tossing and turning on the regular, it’s best to talk with your doctor. Various underlying and unsuspecting conditions could be causing your lack of sleep and there are many different therapies that can help.  

For more sleep-enhancing tips, read, “Too Stressed to Sleep? These Strategies Can Help.”

Bring on the oatmeal and scrambled eggs! When a panel of experts from the American Heart Association reviewed studies on eating habits and heart health, they formed an intriguing conclusion: breakfast-eaters tended to have lower instances of heart disease and were less likely to have high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

If you struggle to make time to eat in the morning, the American Heart Association suggests these breakfast hacks for some quick and easy meal ideas. Harvard Health recommends including whole grains in your morning meal to further reduce your risk for heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. They offer this menu of options full of whole grains, protein, and fruit. 

We all love a good movie marathon, but regularly sitting for hours at a stretch could be putting your heart at risk. And yes, that includes long workdays at the computer. 

The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology have both warned that regularly sitting for long periods is a significant contributor to heart disease. It’s not an issue of laziness—in a world full of deskjobs, car trips, and the all-important need to unwind, many of us struggle to find time to get the consistent movement our bodies need.

If you’re stuck sitting for long periods, the American Heart Association suggests finding ways to sneak movement into your day. You might try setting a timer and taking a five-minute stretch break every hour or using your lunch break to go for a walk. Every extra minute on your feet will help you get to the recommended 150 minutes of activity per week. Exercise also helps you reduce stress and sleep better, making it a true heart-health allstar. 

Several studies suggest an association between optimism and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. A 2015 study found that those with a more positive outlook were more likely to make healthy lifestyle changes after a heart attack. And a researcher at the University of California, San Diego, found that patients with a greater sense of gratitude had lower levels of inflammation and better heart health overall.

Robert A. Emmons, Ph.D., a professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, told the American Heart Association, “Clinical trials indicate that the practice of gratitude can have dramatic and lasting effects in a person’s life. It can lower blood pressure and improve immune function...grateful people engage in more exercise, have better dietary behaviors, are less likely to smoke and abuse alcohol and have higher rates of medication adherence.”

If optimism doesn’t always come easy to you, you’re not alone. Psychologists believe we have a natural tendency to fixate on negative information as a way to avoid it in the future. It’s a phenomenon known as “negativity bias.” Practicing gratitude is a powerful way to counteract this inclination. Best of all, it’s easy to get started. Your new habit can be as simple as writing down what you’re grateful for every day. 

When you look closely, these unconventional risk factors aren’t really that surprising. They each relate to foundational heart-healthy lifestyle choices such as managing stress, eating healthy foods, and staying active. This advice aligns with the CDC’s guidance, which outlines six essential strategies for living a heart-healthy lifestyle. 

If you’re concerned about your heart, the CDC recommends learning about your family’s health history and talking to your healthcare provider about your risk. Together you can create an action plan that’s best for you. If your doctor prescribes medication to treat high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes, the CDC stresses the importance of taking it as directed. 

Alto’s expert pharmacists will always be available via in-app message or phone to answer questions about dosage instructions or side effects, and we’d be happy to bring your medications to your doorstep for free. Your heart-healthy lifestyle does not have to include standing in line at the pharmacy or worrying about refills. We’ll take care of the details so you can focus on cooking a healthy breakfast or walking your dog. 

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

This October, a generic version of Truvada became available in the United States for the first time. In this article we'll explain what these means for PrEP users and how Alto can help.

An HIV Prevention Milestone: Truvada Goes Generic

The world of HIV prevention medications is still relatively new. In 2004, Truvada roared onto the scene and drastically changed the future of HIV. While the medication was initially used to treat HIV, in 2012 the FDA approved its use as a form of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a daily prescription medication that prevents HIV infection.

When taken as prescribed, Truvada is 99% effective at preventing sexually transmitted HIV infection. It has been shown to potentially cause decreased kidney function and a small amount of bone loss in some individuals. Though studies indicate these side effects are slight, they present a barrier for people with pre-existing renal and bone density issues. Descovy, an updated form of PrEP, was introduced last year with research showing kidney and bone safety improvements over Truvada. 

Truvada and Descovy are both patented and manufactured by Gilead Sciences. Both are considered highly effective, safe, and well-tolerated by most PrEP users. While Descovy is less likely to cause unfavorable changes in kidney and bone blood tests, Truvada has been shown to have a more favorable impact on blood fat levels and lead to less weight gain. The FDA has not yet approved Descovy for cisgender women or transgender men—more studies are still needed. Those who are uncertain which medication is right for them should discuss the options with their healthcare provider. 

For more on PrEP, read “All about PrEP for HIV Prevention.”

This October, a generic version of Truvada became available in the United States for the first time. Why the delay? When a brand-name medication enters the market, it is protected by patents and granted a period of exclusivity. Now that Truvada’s exclusivity period has ended, manufacturers with generic alternatives may seek approval from the FDA. 

Teva Pharmaceuticals was the first manufacturer to receive FDA approval for a generic version of Truvada. More generic versions will likely follow in 2021, increasing competition and driving down the price. 

Curious about how medication versions work? Read “What’s the Difference between Generic and Brand-name Medications?”

By lowering the cost of PrEP, the emergence of generic Truvada will ultimately put less strain on the U.S. healthcare system and help make PrEP more widely accessible to those at risk of HIV infection. Those who switch to generic Truvada will likely see their out-of-pocket costs decrease; however, there may be consequences for people who prefer Descovy—the newer formulation of PrEP.

In the wake of generic Truvada’s arrival, some insurance companies have decided to stop covering Descovy due to higher costs. While the two forms of PrEP may well be interchangeable for many patients, Descovy is not identical to Truvada. A small subset of people may have less desirable outcomes if compelled to switch versions by their insurers. People who need or prefer Descovy, especially because of preexisting renal or bone density issues, will likely need to obtain prior authorization approval and could face higher out-of-pocket costs. 

At Alto, we specialize in handling prior authorizations and performing thorough cost savings investigations. If we notice a change in your out-of-pocket cost, we’ll let you know, and we can work to identify ways to save you money. Here’s a closer look at how your pharmacy, healthcare provider, and insurance company work together to manage your prescriptions. 

How Insurance Companies Manage Medication Costs

Unsurprisingly, insurance companies tend to favor the cheapest version of a medication with similar efficacy. One way insurers encourage less expensive alternatives is through prior authorizations—a restriction that requires doctors to request that the insurance company cover certain medications. Not every prescription is subject to a prior authorization, but it’s commonly used when a doctor prescribes a brand-name drug with a generic available. The doctor must prove to the insurer why the specific version they prescribed is medically necessary. 

In most cases, prior authorizations are intended to ensure the safest and most cost-effective medication is used. However, they often require extensive paperwork and multiple phone calls from doctors’ offices, which can become a drain on time and resources for busy offices and clinics or cause delays in getting your prescription. 

For more on how the process works, read, “What is a Prior Authorization?”

Finding out that you need a prior authorization can feel daunting, but the right pharmacy partner will navigate the complexities for you. At Alto, we proactively file prior authorizations when they’re needed, taking the weight off the shoulders of both you and your doctor. We have a dedicated support team that works closely with your doctor’s office to obtain approval from your insurance company, and we’ll keep you updated throughout the whole process. 

After securing approval, we’ll conduct a thorough price investigation to identify sources of financial assistance and ensure you're getting the lowest possible price. We do all of this at no cost to you—we believe everyone should have access to the medications they need at an affordable price.

If you’re concerned about continued coverage for your preferred form of PrEP, we’re here to offer support. Our HIV specialists and care team are available to answer your questions 9 am – 12 midnight ET Monday – Friday, and 10 am – 9 pm ET on weekends. Download the mobile app for secure messaging or call 1-800-874-5881. 

Following prevention guidelines like mask-wearing, social distancing, and handwashing is still the surest way to stay safe. In addition, here are seven strategies to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic if you have asthma.

Seven Strategies for People with Asthma During COVID-19

As COVID-19 infection rates surge across the country, asthma is making its way into news headlines. Research published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology at the end of November suggests that people with asthma may be at reduced risk of contracting the coronavirus. 

The researchers stressed that further study is needed, and possible explanations are still being explored. But the news may be welcome for people with asthma—a chronic lung condition that causes inflammation in the airways—who are facing an additional threat to their lungs from COVID-19, which primarily affects the respiratory system.  

This singular study is no reason to relax on preventative measures, however. The CDC has warned that those with moderate-to-severe asthma who do contract COVID-19 may be at a higher risk of serious complications, including asthma attacks, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress.

Following prevention guidelines like mask-wearing, social distancing, and handwashing is still the surest way to stay safe. However, in addition to doubling down on these efforts, here are seven strategies to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic if you have asthma:

Right now, prevention is still our best defense against serious illness from COVID-19. Though rising infection rates may mean that restrictions will tighten in the short term, eventually, the gradual phases of reopening will begin again. Remember that most reopening guidelines center on those who are not at a higher risk of COVID-19 complications. Anyone who is considered high risk due to age or an underlying medical condition, including moderate-to-severe asthma, should continue to take extra precautions as reopening in their area unfolds and adhere to the CDC’s recommendations for their specific condition. 

The coronavirus can survive on some surfaces for hours or even days; however, surface transmission does not seem to pose nearly as significant a risk as person-to-person contact. Nevertheless, the CDC advises cleaning high-touch surfaces regularly. 

This recommendation can present an issue for people with asthma. Many chemical sprays used to clean indoor spaces can trigger an asthma attack—a sudden onset of inflammation in the airways that can cause difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness.  

If possible, ask someone else in your household to disinfect surfaces and objects for you. If you need to take care of it yourself, be sure to choose disinfectants that are less likely to trigger an asthma attack. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) provides recommendations for green cleaning products and includes asthma safety ratings. 

When using cleaners or disinfectants inside, open as many doors and windows as possible. Use only the amount of product recommended on the label and follow the instructions carefully. It can also help to use wipes or a dampened towel rather than a spray to avoid inhaling aerosols while cleaning. 

The CDC recommends keeping an emergency supply (30 days’ worth) of your asthma medications on hand so you don’t risk running out if you need to quarantine, become sick, or otherwise can’t make it to the pharmacy. 

If you fill your prescription with Alto, we want to assure you that we are fully prepared to deliver your asthma medications throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer free, contactless drop-offs with every single prescription, so you’ll receive your refills on time from the comfort and safety of home. 

There has been misleading information circulating online about inhaled corticosteroids (i.e. Flovent, Qvar, Pulmicort, and Asmanex)—a standard asthma treatment—possibly increasing the risk of contracting COVID-19. At the same time, other articles suggest ICS as a potential treatment for COVID-19. 

Experts are clear: there is not enough evidence to prove these assertions, and discontinuing treatment or misusing medications poses a real danger to people with asthma. If you have any concerns about your medications, continue to use them as prescribed, and reach out to your healthcare provider. Alto’s pharmacists are also on call to answer your questions by phone or in-app secure messaging.

The symptoms of an asthma attack (wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing) bear some similarities to the emergency warning signs of COVID-19 (trouble breathing, pain or pressure in the chest, confusion, and bluish lips or face)

If you’re experiencing asthma symptoms that do not respond to your treatment plan or symptoms that could indicate COVID-19 infection, seek immediate medical attention. For more information on the common symptoms of COVID-19 and other seasonal respiratory illnesses, read “Cold, Flu, or COVID-19? Your Seasonal Symptom Guide.” 

Find Ways to Cope with Stress and Anxiety

We are living in undoubtedly stressful times. Stress and strong emotions can be asthma triggers, so it’s essential to find ways to cope with anxiety during the pandemic and beyond. 

It’s impossible to avoid stress altogether, so don’t fall into a pattern of stressing about your stress. It’s much more helpful to regularly check-in with your emotional state and take steps to course-correct when you begin to become overwhelmed. 

Meditation, movement, healthy sleep habits, and social connection are effective ways to become more resilient during stressful situations. You might also consider practicing mindful breathing or another relaxation technique that you can use to calm your body and mind during a stressful situation. Your chosen method can be as simple as gradually lengthening and deepening your breathing or mentally telling each part of your body to relax. 

Leaning on the support of friends and family can help reduce stress and provide a sense of safety. However, if stress and anxiety become difficult to manage, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional help. The CDC offers this list of resources for finding a counselor in your area. 

When it comes to medical advice, rely on your healthcare provider, not the internet. Our understanding of how the coronavirus works is changing every day, so falling down a rabbit hole of outdated information could cause unnecessary anxiety. Stick to reputable, timely sources like the CDC, and always consult your doctor if you have any concerns.

Our team of patient care pharmacists at Alto is also available to chat if questions come up. We’ll make sure that you’re always able to access the medications you need throughout COVID-19—with free home delivery. Reach out any time via in-app messaging or phone at 1-800-874-5881.

Last year, we built a feature to show patients all of their medication pricing options, including when paying cash might be cheaper. Here are two surprising trends we've discovered since.

Two Engineers Crunch the Numbers: When Is It Cheaper to Pay Cash for Your Medication?

Tom Cahill and Ashley Qian, Sr. Software Engineers

In 2019, we launched a streamlined flow in our patient app to handle a surprising scenario: when the out-of-pocket price for a medication is less than the insurance copay.

Since launching our price selection feature last year, we've saved thousands of patients money by bringing this disparity to their attention. On average, patients save 30% off their total copay when their out-of-pocket price for a medication is cheaper than the insurance copay. The average savings per prescription is $23.30. 

While several factors impact how drug pricing works, here are two trends we’ve seen in the data so far.

These Two Therapeutic Classes Are Most Likely to Be Cheaper Out of Pocket

A therapeutic class is a method of categorization that groups medications based on the conditions that they are intended to treat. Here's what we found when we aggregated prescriptions by therapeutic class:

Across the 394,367 prescriptions we examined, roughly 0.5% had lower out-of-pocket costs. Comparing different therapeutic classes, anti-parasitic drugs (example: permethrin) appear most likely to have a cheaper out-of-pocket price by a fairly wide margin at 2.94% of cases. Cardiac/cardiovascular drugs (example: rosuvastatin calcium aka Crestor) and blood medications (example: tranexamic acid) stand out as well with over 1% of cases.

Looking at the results in terms of median percentage savings, a few classes stand out as having a fairly high disparity between prices: anti-histamines, contraceptives, anti-neoplastics and anti-infectives. 

Brand Medications Are Less Likely to Be Cheaper Out of Pocket

You're up on Family Feud, and Steve Harvey asks you to name some differences between brand-name and generic medications. The first thing that probably comes to mind is cost: In general, one expects generic medications to be cheaper than their brand-name alternatives. We might expect brand name medications to incur higher copays and thus a larger opportunity for Alto to provide savings. However, we see a surprising trend in our data:

In fact, only .01% of brand name medications we've delivered since shipping this feature had lower out-of-pocket prices (compared to .6% for generics).

So what gives? The cash price we’re able to offer for a medication is mostly determined by the cost we paid a wholesaler or manufacturer to buy it. The copay set by insurance plans, however, is often impacted by behind-the-scenes negotiations between the drug manufacturer and the pharmacy benefit manager, or PBM. As a result, the cash price isn't always strongly correlated with the insurance copay:

Among a set of equivalent products, the one with the cheapest cash price might not be the one with the lowest insurance copay, and that difference can be significant enough to make it worthwhile to forego using insurance.

As engineers who are tasked from time to time with investigating issues with our billing system, we've experienced our fair share of bewilderment at the surprising outcomes we sometimes see. The complexity of pricing is why we've invested so heavily in making sure both our internal tools and patient-facing applications present users with the information they need to understand their options and make well-informed decisions.

We have countless opportunities to help our patients achieve better health outcomes, save money, and be more informed about their choices when it comes to their medication. There’s a lot of exciting work to do, and if this sounds interesting to you, please reach out to us on LinkedIn. We’d love to hear from you!

Mike McClay has spent the better part of two decades working in Silicon Valley. Here, he chats with software engineer Akash Gupta about the road from Software Engineer to VP, what it’s like to work in digital health, and his best advice to both independent contributors (ICs) and managers. 

Get to Know Alto’s VP of Engineering, Mike McClay

I'd love to first understand a bit about you personally. What do you like to do in your off time? What’s something most people don't know about you?

I grew up in Orange County, which is pretty suburban, so that afforded us a lot of time outdoors as a family. A life goal of mine is to do a solo hike of the John Muir Trail. The route starts in Yosemite Valley and heads south to Mt. Whitney. It’s about 225 miles and typically takes a few weeks to complete.

Currently though, I have a two-year-old and a four-year-old, and we have another baby on the way, so my outdoor activities tend to be much shorter and closer to home. I got into road biking about 10 years ago and transitioned to mountain biking a few years back when my family moved to Marin. Being able to get out onto the local trails a couple times per week is an amazing opportunity to get a great workout in, and unplugging does wonders.

Finally, a ton of family time with my partner and kids. A big reason I decided to join Alto is because it provides a great balance of simultaneously being a high growth startup but it’s also a company that has an eye on culture and achieving work-life balance. At Alto, we're playing to win, and we’ve got a lot of things to get done, but there's a lot of support and representation for people with families with kids. It's nice to be able to work hard towards an incredible mission but also not have to sacrifice too much on the family front; so outside of work, I’m mostly focused on spending quality time with my family getting outdoors, getting to the beach, and things like that.

That's very exciting, having another child on the way. How has COVID-19 impacted your responsibilities of being a VP Engineering and a father?

Life is a lot harder during COVID, though I say that with a fair amount of awareness of the privilege my family and I have. On the home front, we are constantly trying to find that balance of keeping the kids entertained and learning but also doing it in a safe way that protects everyone. My wife and I are pretty fastidious about keeping the house organized and clean but that’s relaxed quite a bit during this time; there’s a lot of resetting of expectations, and I try to do as much as I can to support my wife.

Professionally, probably about half of our engineering team has interviewed and onboarded since the shift to remote work in March, and I’d say we are still iterating and adapting each month to work better in a fully remote environment. It’s been incredible to see our teams adapt to this new style of work, and while it’s not quite the same as our in-person environment was, it’s been really cool to see the team grow and have our organization make a bigger and bigger impact for our patients each month.

I'd love to talk about some of your past experiences. You went to the University of California, Berkeley (Go Bears!), then Expedia, then Uber, and now you're at Alto. What prompted each of those transitions?

Yeah, I’m kind of an outlier in the tech world in that I’ve only worked at 3 companies since graduating undergrad in 2004. I think I’ve been fortunate to find myself at companies that have had no shortage of growth opportunities and that led me to stay for considerable amounts of time at both Expedia and Uber. 

Towards the tail end of my tenure at Expedia, I was managing the engineering team of a start-up that Expedia had acquired, and I knew in my heart that I wanted to move to a much smaller company. I spent a few months talking to a bunch of early stage start-ups but hadn’t found anything that felt right yet.

At the urging of my recruiter, I took a call with a company called Uber, which had seemed way too “big” for what I was looking for in that the engineering team was about forty people. Despite the role feeling different from what I was expecting, I was excited by the mission and the team, so I made the leap. Fast forward six years or so and it was an amazing ride, full of a lot of ups and definitely some learnings, but it was a truly formative experience for me.

Uber ultimately got to a point where I struggled a bit to pinpoint the impact I was making, and things overall at the company just felt slow. I wanted to work on something that was even more mission-driven, and one of my colleagues insisted that I chat with Alto. I was introduced to Jamie (Alto’s CTO). We talked over a number of months and found Alto’s needs and the challenges I was looking to solve aligned in a great way. So that's why I ended up joining.

Each of the companies that you’ve worked at have had large operational components. What are some of the key pieces to creating a strong partnership in a tech-enabled company?

What I would definitely say is that the tooling and the product that we built for ops at Uber was, at the time, world-class; it was just beautiful. Design was a first class citizen in our operational tooling because the workflow of our ops team was so critical to our company’s success. 

This is something that Jamie and I bonded over about Alto; our internal platform (called Wunderbar) powers the functionality that allows us to process our patient’s prescriptions in an efficient and effective way. Getting this right is critical for our patients, and the fact that we put so much time and energy into getting the technology platform right goes a long way to build a great working relationship with our operations team. 

Additionally, I’m passionate in general about operations since it’s often an area of the business that creates strategic advantages over competitors. And what I love about building software with operations is that it can’t be copied easily by competitors since there is no public surface area to observe. I view our task as an engineering team as getting to where we're crushing it as a business because we have nailed supporting operations with our product engineering work.

On that note, would you say Alto is an operations company, a pharmacy, or a tech company?

We aspire to a model of cross-functional leadership, whether it's between Engineering, Product, Ops, Growth, Marketing—whatever it is, the leads of areas and even the team members of each area need to be empowered to achieve the mission that they're setting out to do. If that's to enable, say, the flow of prescriptions coming through our system, maybe you could call that Ops-led, but at the end of the day, multiple functions have to come together to solve the problem. I almost want to call it vision-led.

There’s a time and a place where we need to be creating a faster horse, and there's a time and a place where we need to be thinking one to two years out about what the step up is from the faster horse: bringing the car into the situation, so to speak. Ultimately we need to be thinking on multiple time horizons at the company, and depending on the time and place and the strategy, you might see one function spiking up in terms of what we're rallying around versus another.

The engineering team at Alto has grown from eleven engineers and four managers when you started a year ago to more than fifty-five engineers with nine managers, directors, senior managers, and managers. What would you say has enabled that dramatic growth, and how do you plan on ensuring that that growth is well-managed?

For engineers, there are a lot of choices out there, and a big part of our hiring process is spent not only assessing technical skills, but also looking for signals that candidates align well with our patient-focused mission. From the beginning, we created an interview process that is fair and equitable, and that resonates strongly with our candidates. From there, we set out some really big goals that energized the team to push to make it happen.

I'm really proud that we've grown while maintaining a solid level-mix in terms of junior, mid-level, and senior engineers. Our engineering team is ~25% female, and while we only have single digit percentage points of representation of other underrepresented groups, representation is improving every quarter. Our goal over the next several years is for the team to achieve 50% gender representation and 30% from other underrepresented groups, so that our engineering team is representative of those we ultimately serve: our patients.

In order to make sure this growth is well managed, my philosophy is to hire or grow Engineering Managers well in advance of the acute need. On the manager side—and this was a big learning for everyone at Uber—we’d grow a team of fifteen to twenty engineers under a manager and not really have a great plan in place for how to bring in additional leadership and get the teams down to a right size of ten. When we approached that number, we'd battlefield promote someone and everything just felt strained. So I'm really proud of the fact that even at nearly seventy people now, we have a management team of nine that could actually support one hundred people pretty well. As the team continues to grow we’ll be making sure to stay ahead of the growth on the management side.

On that note, Uber has been reported to have an unhealthy culture. What have you learned from it to engender a more positive, inclusive culture at Alto?

Yeah, I’ve had a lot of reflection on this and a lot of learnings from my time at Uber. First, it’s that as a leadership team, we need to be vigilant about creating a team environment where team members feel they can do their best work. We need to always have great managers leading teams that are right-sized, and we need to have people-focused cultural values that help guide our behaviors and how we interact with one another. 

At Alto, half of our cultural values are focused on skills that foster an environment where folks can do their best work. Yes, we're thinking constantly about impact, but we make sure to hold ourselves to a high interpersonal bar. This type of behavior has also been institutionalized at Alto in our engineering career ladder. Culture amplification is one of the five skills engineers are evaluated against, and I think it’s a very strong signal into what we hold dear and how we want to roll here.

Finally, I’ve put a strong emphasis on making sure that interviews at Alto assess behavioral skills in addition to technical ones. We didn’t do this well at Uber for too many years, and I believe it led to some of the cultural negatives that you’ve likely read about in the news. To me, it’s critical that we hire really talented folks who can work seamlessly with one another. Getting signal on this during our interview process is a big part of growing a healthy engineering organization.

You've gone from being a Software Engineer to Tech Lead, Engineering Manager, Director, and now, VP. What advice would you give someone at each of those stages? What advice do you wish you had back then?

The main piece of advice I’d relay is to make sure that you spend enough time in each role to get solid proficiency. I’ve come across a number of folks in my career who look to move through roles as quickly as possible, and I think that doesn't allow for solid bases of knowledge to be built up. The foundation I built up in my experience as an engineer I believe resonates with engineers; I’m not just a people manager that helps coordinate minutiae. Additionally, a lot of the skill-building in these roles happens as you encounter various real life situations; the only way to accumulate experience is over time. So my advice is to be patient.

I would definitely encourage everyone to work at a company where there are clear career paths for both ICs and managers. You should never feel like you need to move into management to “grow in your career.” One of the first things we put in place after I joined Alto was a career ladder so that folks could reason about how they wanted to grow over time and come up with a growth plan with their managers.

Finally, don’t go too long in a role or at a company where you don’t feel challenged and don’t feel like you are growing. To me, growth and challenge are proxies for job satisfaction. I would say I've achieved it about 80 to 90% of the time in my career. If you're not in a place where you're feeling like you're growing, you should go somewhere else.

What would you say to someone considering working in digital health? What are some challenges and benefits in this space?

It's not so fraught with red tape that you can’t get anything done. There is a process to work through with HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) to ensure patient privacy; there is a massive set of opportunities that support all of the activity in the space; and there are seams where startups can begin disrupting entrenched players.

There’s also a massive opportunity to solve hard technical problems while achieving these amazing, mission-driven ends. I think sometimes it seems that those can be separated to where it’s almost mutually exclusive. While we don't yet have the volume nor traffic that you might receive at companies like Uber or Google, there are still meaty technical challenges that haven’t been solved before.

What disruption is good in healthcare and what may not be?

The good disruption comes in places where companies can plug into an existing experience that patients go through to solve a problem and figure out new ways to address that problem. In the pharmacy space, we are disrupting the brick and mortar pharmacy experience that is effectively in the business of selling you Coca-Cola while you wait for your medication. 

Bad disruption would be anything that goes against protecting a patient or their privacy. At Alto the engineering and security teams are tightly coupled so that we can best solve for the needs and privacy of our patients.

You mentioned technical challenges. What would engineers and other technical people get excited about in this space?

We don't yet have our architecture mapped out for scaling 100x on our business over the next couple of years, and it’s been really exciting to start to discuss our technical plans to enable that. At Uber, we went from a monolith to a full micro SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)—both extremes that had quite a few problems as implemented. At Alto, we aim to find a better middle ground. 

Additionally, we need to think about what the pharmacy experience will look like five to ten years from now and start building some of the pieces that will work us toward that future. Safety and accuracy are incredibly important to us now, but at one hundred times our scale, we’ll need to be constantly innovating our technology so that we can minimize / eliminate errors in our operational process. 

We’re also bringing data silos together that have never been joined before. For example, as many as 50% of prescriptions are not picked up for retail pharmacies. Doctors have no idea which of their patients pick up medications or not. Insurers don't know what happens to patients after they take their medication. We are the interconnect between all of these customers.

As we grow, that data is going to grow inside of our systems. The information and the insights that we can derive from it is going to be incredibly powerful. But we're going to need a ton of awesome data analysis, products that allow us to collect the data while respecting patient privacy, etc. I'm really excited about that.

What are you most proud of from your time at Alto so far, and what are you most excited about in the next year?

What I'm most proud of is the team that's been hired. They are just amazing. Last year, we had a team of eleven engineers with such a large surface area: fulfillment, operations, customer app, customer website, our provider portal, etc. With so much to do across a team of that size, we were constantly making really hard prioritization decisions and were not able to tap into what we saw as our full potential.

Fast forward to today, we're now in a world where we have dedicated teams for surface areas, and we’re solidly parallelizing efforts. Seeing the bandwidth, the throughput that's going to be rolling out each quarter, is really cool. We're going to have orders of magnitude more output each quarter than we did a year ago. That's what I'm most proud of now.

What am I most excited about? There's the business aspect, expansion. We've really only covered six markets and are now looking at covering many, many more lives. The next couple of years are going to be a lot of fun.

Last question. Someone's considering working at Alto: Why should or shouldn't they join?

Alto’s at a stage where things are changing constantly. Folks who like dynamic environments will thrive here, as the work is challenging, and we are trying to solve problems that have not been solved before. Given that Alto operates within a multi-sided network, we have a lot of opportunity to create value, but it also means there are multiple players to think about when building a product. There's a richness to our patient, provider, and insurer base that makes it both challenging and exciting to make sure that we're finding the opportunities that deliver value to broad strokes of folks without leaving others behind.

Finally, engineers should join if they want to be part of a mission-driven company, enjoy working in an inclusive environment and diverse team, and like to be at the intersection of technology and the physical world, whether that's operations, delivery of things to humans, etc. If we succeed,  the way society thinks about health, prescriptions, etc, ten to twenty years from now will look very different because of the work we’re doing here. If that's inspiring to you, and you want to be part of that, you should join.

Interested in joining the team? Reach out to us on LinkedIn.

At Alto, we believe your medications should come to you—at the best price, on time, and with the ongoing support you need.

How Alto Delivers More, at No Additional Cost

At Alto, we believe your medications should come to you—at the best price, on time, and with the ongoing support you need. However, when we explain to people that we can save them money while providing free home delivery and easy access to expert care, we often encounter disbelief. In a world where we usually pay a premium for special care, how can Alto’s services really be free?

Traditional retail pharmacies often build hundreds of storefronts in a single metro area in an effort to lure customers through proximity. We, however, are taking a totally different approach. We’ve redesigned the pharmacy experience by building a single distribution center in each metro area. By reducing our overhead costs, we’re able to hire teams of patient care pharmacists who are always on-call to offer guidance and local couriers who will deliver your medications straight to your doorstep.  

What’s more, because we’re not using our resources to stock and equip a fleet of locations, we can invest in innovations that elevate your prescription experience. We built our own pharmacy software platform that enables our pharmacists and patient advocates to effortlessly perform price investigations and coordinate between doctors and insurance companies. We also developed the Alto app, which puts pharmacy care at your fingertips—from ordering refills to chatting with a pharmacist. 

In a traditional pharmacy setting, pharmacists are often required to fill prescriptions, work the register, answer phones, counsel patients, administer flu shots, and call doctors and insurance companies—all on a strictly timed schedule. We don’t believe that sets pharmacists up to provide the best care. At Alto, pharmacists work in two teams with close collaboration. Our production pharmacists can focus on the important task of medication preparation while our patient care pharmacists get to focus on you. Whether you’re concerned about a side effect or wondering if you should take your medication with a meal, you can talk through any issue with an expert who cares. 

By bringing our pharmacy to you, we’re able to offer you a better experience at no additional cost. From uninterrupted, one-on-one consultations with pharmacists to timely hand-delivery of your medications, we think “above and beyond” is simply what you should expect from your pharmacy. 

Need a Refresher? These Alto Benefits are Completely Free

Have you ever meticulously crafted an online dinner order only to cancel once you saw how all the delivery and service fees added up? We’re never going to put you through that type of frustration. When we say “free delivery,” we mean absolutely, completely, 100% free. There won’t be any additional fees sneaking up on you. Ever.

Send us your prescription and a member of our team will hand-deliver your medication directly to your home or office. Pick a date and delivery window that works for you—most medications are available the very same day—then track your courier as they make their way to your doorstep. 

Opportunities to save money are out there, but they can be confusing to identify. When we set out to revolutionize the pharmacy experience, we knew that we needed to help make these resources more accessible. So, we created our own database of discounts, coupons, and pricing options that we could match against every single prescription. By automating the process, we’re able to exhaust all the options and find you the lowest price—at no extra cost. 

If you currently have a prescription at another pharmacy, we’ll take care of the transfer for you. It’s the least we can do to welcome you into our care. For more on how the free transfer process works (spoiler: it’s incredibly easy), see How Do I Transfer a Prescription to Alto?

One of the most important aspects of pharmacy care is the ability to chat with a pharmacist whenever questions come up. Whether you’re starting a new medication for the first time or unsure if a certain supplement could interfere with your regimen, you can call or message an Alto pharmacist at any time—even evenings and weekends. You’ll never have to wait in line or feel like you’re being rushed along, and your messages will be private and secure. Our patient care pharmacists focus solely on consultations, which means you’ll always have their undivided attention. 

Whether you’re facing a full day of meetings, navigating a complex schedule of pickups and errands, or dealing with an unexpected challenge, it’s easy to let your daily dose fall through the cracks. So we created a few helpful features within the Alto app that can help you stick to your schedule. The Reminders feature lets you set up medication alerts so you’ll never miss your next dose, and you can turn on Auto Refills to get your future refills delivered automatically. We’ll even reach out to remind you when your next fill is on its way so you can make updates to the delivery if needed.

Streamlined Medications for You and Your Family

Imagine if everything you needed to know about your and your family’s prescriptions was all in one place? We thought that would be pretty great too. With the Alto app, you can set up a family account to see and manage medications for your whole family from a single account. View all your current and past prescriptions, along with detailed medication information, and even coordinate your medications into one delivery. 

We set out to make the traditional pharmacy experience better by bringing the medications you need—along with exceptional care—straight to your doorstep. Some might find it unbelievable that we offer our services for free; we simply believe that we’re providing pharmacy care as it should be. 

Experience a better pharmacy. Our team is available to answer your questions from 9 am – 12 midnight ET Monday – Friday, and 10 am – 9 pm ET on weekends; reach out via phone at 1-800-874-5881, or download the app to securely message with a pharmacist.

This fall, we had the opportunity to meet Tiffany Remington and her husband Caleb, who spoke to us about the importance of having a pharmacy partner they could rely on through their own infertility journey.

Fertility Patient Story: Tiffany Shares Her Experience with Alto

How One Couple Navigated Their Infertility Journey

Facing fertility issues can feel like entering completely unfamiliar territory. From deciding when and how to pursue treatment to navigating the ensuing procedures and medication protocols, uncertainties can surface at every turn. However, while no two journeys are completely alike, there is so much to be learned from the many hopeful parents who have traveled the various paths of infertility treatment before. 

This fall, we had the opportunity to meet Tiffany Remington and her husband Caleb, who spoke to us about the importance of having a pharmacy partner they could rely on through their own infertility journey. Read on to learn more about how the process unfolded in Tiffany’s own words and her advice for others going through a similar experience. 

My husband, Caleb, and I love to seek out adventure in almost everything we do. For the past two years, we’ve been living full-time in an RV that we renovated into the coziest home on wheels. Before pursuing our wild dreams of living tiny, we created a one-off event called The Greatest Wedding Ever Donated, where we turned our wedding into a gala and benefit concert and raised $207,000 for charity. 

So what’s next in our books? Starting a family. To our surprise, it took us a year and a half to start our journey of growing our family, and most of the waiting was out of our control. When we had our initial visit with our reproductive endocrinologist back in May of 2019, we thought things were going to happen fast—boom, bam, baby in the utero in one month. We quickly found out how intense the process is and how little we fully understood. All we knew was that we needed help. 

My husband was born with a condition called cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic condition that creates a thick buildup of mucus in his lungs and other organs of his body. 98% of men with CF are also born infertile due to the absence or underdevelopment of the vas deferens (think of it as the highway for the sperm). After trying to conceive for two years on our own, we had a gut feeling that the lottery win for natural conception was not in the cards. We are a couple affected by male factor infertility.

After choosing a clinic, we had blood work done within the month. We then planned for Caleb’s microTESE, a surgical procedure to extract sperm from the seminiferous tubules of a male’s testes and epididymis. Unfortunately, that was round one of delays. We had to wait five months for an open spot for surgery. The initial disappointment rapidly turned into gratitude knowing that we had more time to fully wrap our head around this process, find a community for support, and educate ourselves in the decisions we would have to make along the way.

In February of 2020, we joyfully celebrated the eleven vials of sperm that were collected and were ready to start our IVF protocol. To ours and the world’s dismay, COVID-19 restrictions were put into place and our clinic shut down in March, just as we were about to begin. Due to Caleb’s health and the nature of the virus, we decided to move our IVF funds back to his medical emergency savings in case something happened. 

For five and a half months, we waited. We finally came to a place of comfort to move forward once our clinic allowed for new patient protocols to resume. We officially started our IVF stimulation protocol for egg retrieval at the beginning of August. After fifteen days of shots, we pulled the trigger and were able to produce seventeen beautiful mature eggs. Of the seventeen eggs, fourteen were fertilized, thirteen made it to Day 3 Blastocysts, four to Day 5 Blastocysts, and two to Day 6. We ended up with a total of six embryos that got sent off for PGS testing. A week later, we found out that of the six embryos, three came back genetically normal.

We wanted to keep the momentum going, so we opted to transfer our first frozen embryo as soon as possible. I had surgery to remove a couple of polyps and by the beginning of October, I was in the clear with a healed uterus, ready to welcome our baby home. With the transfer protocol moving rapidly, I knew I had to find a new pharmacy that I felt like I could rely on. 

During egg retrieval, I ordered from my clinic’s partnered pharmacy without realizing that I had much of a choice otherwise. My medication was delivered to the wrong address, and the idea that it might happen again stressed me out because timing is everything in this process! When speaking with some of my IVF friends, I kept hearing about Alto Pharmacy. I took a deep dive to see what all the “buzz” was about.

I could feel the grin stretch across my face when clicking enter on the URL. The website was already drawing me in. This is a pharmacy? Free delivery, advice, price investigation, and they work with your insurance? I’ve been managing my husband’s medication for years. I know first-hand how time-consuming all of the things that Alto provides can be—it’s a full-time job. This isn't just a pharmacy, it's a care team.

When I saw that Alto would take the burden off my shoulders, I was INSTANTLY sold. No need for spreadsheets, no need to play phone manager while connecting insurance and pharmacies, no need to Google down a rabbit hole. They would take care of all the details and that in itself is priceless.

I had my nurse place my next order with Alto and within the hour I had a text message to my phone prompting me to download the Alto app where I could manage deliveries and medications, connect with a pharmacist, and track my orders. Again, mind blown. An app? For a pharmacy? Can someone bring Alto their crown? One of the best parts is that the delivery windows were only a couple of hours—not like most other pharmacies where you have to wait the entire day to receive your medications. They also have one of their own courier team members HAND-deliver it to you.

Boutique service with savings—I couldn’t be a bigger fan. This whole IVF process can sometimes make you feel like a number. Alto is one of those companies doing it right by honoring you as a human. They show up in the app. They show up on the phone. I felt heard and fought for.

If you are walking through this (in)fertility process, or any medical journey for that matter, my advice is: don’t be afraid to advocate for yourself. Speaking as both a caretaker and patient, medicine is often routine and anonymous, and personalized care has not yet been perfected. Pharmacy choice, specifically, matters. Are they reliable? Do they advocate for you as a patient? Can they cut costs? What’s their customer service like? What are patient reviews? Do they deliver on time? You have a choice, even if the options aren’t clear at the start.

The team at Alto is ready to be your partner through it all, from your first cycle to your last. Questions about using Alto? Visit alto.com/fertility or give us a call at 1-800-874-5881. Our team is available from 9 am – 12 midnight ET Monday – Friday, and 10 am – 9 pm ET on weekends.

To connect with Tiffany and Caleb follow them on Instagram @ustheremingtons. 

Disclosure: Tiffany received medications at no cost from Alto Pharmacy in order to share her opinion about our services. The views expressed are solely her own. 

Fertility Patient Story: Tiffany Shares Her Experience with Alto 

There is quite a bit that sets Alto apart from other pharmacies. Let’s take an in-depth look at how Alto was built to be a better pharmacy in all aspects of care. 

Traditional vs. Online Pharmacies: How Alto Built Something Better

Is there anything we can’t buy online these days? Over the past decade, e-commerce has surged, as promises of convenience and low prices have lured shoppers away from brick and mortar stores. Yet even with almost 8 out of 10 Americans shopping online, there’s a pervasive sense of nostalgia for “the way things were.” We love the convenience of clicking “buy” from the comfort of home, but we often lament the loss of human touch in our transactions.

It’s probably not surprising that prescription medications have followed the same trend. Most of us are eager to avoid the lines at traditional retail pharmacies. A quick search will turn up scores of online pharmacies, all boasting low prices and convenient mail-delivery. You might think Alto is one of this bunch, however, there is quite a bit that sets us apart. Let’s take an in-depth look at how Alto was built to be a better pharmacy in all aspects of care. 

A major factor driving people to their local pharmacies is the chance for a face-to-face interaction with a pharmacist they can trust. Traditional retail pharmacies generally have established reputations and physical locations that help make customers feel secure. However, retail pharmacists are often distracted by the laundry list of tasks they’re expected to complete each day. You may have to wait in line, potentially when you’re feeling unwell, only to receive just a minute or two of face time. 

Online pharmacies, on the other hand, can spring up overnight—and disappear just as fast. Unfortunately, there are many illegitimate internet-based pharmacies that may be selling counterfeit or unsafe drugs. In fact, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) labeled about 95% of the online pharmacies they reviewed as “not recommended.” The FDA provides this list of safety checks and warning signs when considering an online pharmacy. Even with legitimate online pharmacies, it may not be easy, or even possible, to talk with a real pharmacist when you have questions about your medication. 

At Alto, your care is our priority. Just ask our happy customers. Not only are we fully accredited by the NABP, but we also have fulfillment centers in every area we serve, staffed by our incredible local teams. These neighborhood pharmacies are where we process and fill your prescription orders, then hand-deliver them directly to your doorstep. We have expert pharmacists in all areas of specialty care who are available to talk through questions as they come up, for as long as you need. It’s easy to get in touch—send a quick message through our in-app messenger or give us a call. 

With the cost of prescription medications on a seemingly endless upward trend, more and more Americans are looking for ways to save money. Many people may not realize that the cost of their medication can vary from pharmacy to pharmacy, though they’re unlikely to spend hours driving between locations to find the best price. For that reason, traditional retail pharmacies have little incentive to seek ways to lower your costs. After waiting in line to pick up your medications, there’s little choice but to accept the price you’ve been given or leave empty handed. 

Online pharmacies make it easy to compare prices and often seem to offer better deals on the surface. You should be wary of pricing that seems “too good to be true,” however, and make sure you are visiting a reputable source. Counterfeit medications pose a significant risk to your health, so make purchases with discernment. 

At Alto, not only are we the real deal, but we’re committed to finding you the best price. We match every single prescription against our extensive database of savings options. Plus, our services and delivery are always completely free. For a closer look at how we find the lowest prices, read our article, “How Alto Saves You Money on Prescriptions.” We’ve saved our patients more than $36 million on their medications so far.

Some people stick to their local retail pharmacy because they need or prefer to pick up their medication the same day. Others continue making the trip simply because it’s the way they’ve always handled their prescriptions. Switching pharmacies might seem like a hassle, but what about having to drive to the pharmacy and wait in line every time you need your medication? 

Online pharmacies exist to eliminate the inconvenience of picking up your prescriptions. No more rushing to the pharmacy during business hours, standing in long lines, or driving back and forth for multiple prescriptions. However, online pharmacies send your medications through the mail, so you won’t receive them right away. And when questions about your prescription arise, you may find yourself stuck on hold or resorting to an internet deep dive. 

With Alto, your days of waiting in line are over but you won’t miss out on real, human care. We’ll take care of transferring your prescriptions for you, then one of our local couriers will hand-deliver your medications at a time and location that’s convenient for you—even that very same day. Our expert pharmacists are always on-call to answer any questions or provide guidance. With the Alto app, you can manage your and your family’s prescriptions, chat with a pharmacist, and coordinate refills, all in one place. 

Some retail pharmacies offer delivery options, however, they usually require a paid membership or the use of an outside delivery service. With prescription medication already a significant expense for many people, stacking on additional fees isn’t a very attractive prospect. 

Online pharmacies use mail delivery, so it can be difficult to determine exactly when your medications will arrive. If you’re running low or are on a timed regimen, the possibility of mail-based delays can present a significant challenge and become a potential health risk. 

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