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While HIV and AIDS remain urgent public health issues, the prevention and treatment landscape has transformed drastically throughout the past four decades. Breakthroughs in treatment have made it possible to stop the progression of HIV and prevent transmission of the virus to others. Read on to learn more about HIV stages, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

All About HIV: Stages, Symptoms and Treatment

More than 40 years have passed since AIDS, the disease caused by HIV, was first identified in the United States. While HIV and AIDS remain urgent public health issues, the prevention and treatment landscape has transformed drastically throughout the past four decades. Breakthroughs in treatment have made it possible to stop the progression of HIV and prevent transmission of the virus to others. Read on to learn more about HIV stages, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks your immune system, making you more vulnerable to other illnesses. It is transmitted through contact with the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of someone who has HIV.

If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), which is also considered the last stage of HIV. When HIV progresses into AIDS, your immune system has been significantly weakened by the virus.

Currently, there is no cure for HIV, but taking HIV medicine called antiretroviral therapy (ART) as prescribed stops the progression of the disease. As a result, most people living with HIV in the U.S. do not develop AIDS. There are also HIV prevention medications, PrEP and PEP, which are effective at preventing the transmission of HIV through sex or intravenous drug use.

As the HIV epidemic emerged in the U.S. in the 1980s and 90s, gay and bisexual men were disproportionately affected — in part because the virus transmits more easily through anal sex than vaginal sex — and subsequently stigmatized as carriers of the virus. However, the medical community soon discovered that anyone can contract HIV regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation, as the virus can be transmitted through anal sex, vaginal sex, or the sharing intravenous drug equipment such as needles or syringes.

In recent years, there has been significant progress toward reducing the annual HIV infection rate, and new cases of HIV among gay and bisexual men ages 13-24 dropped by 33% between 2015-2019. Still, gay and bisexual men accounted for 69% of all new HIV diagnoses in the U.S. in 2019. And in recent years, Black and Latinx individuals have been disproportionately affected by HIV. Racial and ethnic discrimination and disparities in healthcare access — which can discourage people from seeking HIV prevention services and testing — factor into HIV’s outsized impact on these communities.

There are three primary stages of HIV: acute HIV infection, chronic HIV infection, and stage 3 HIV, or AIDS.

Acute HIV infection, the first stage of HIV, may develop within two to four weeks of contracting the virus. During this stage of HIV, the virus multiplies rapidly and there is a high amount of HIV in your bloodstream (also known as your viral load). While the virus replicates and spreads, it destroys your CD4 cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a role in your immune system.

Some people with acute HIV infection quickly experience flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers. The only way to know your HIV status is by getting tested. If you have any of these symptoms and believe you may have been exposed to HIV, seek prompt medical care and take an HIV test. Find a free and confidential HIV testing site near you..

Experiencing these symptoms does not necessarily mean that you have HIV, as they overlap with symptoms of the flu and other illnesses. And some individuals with HIV develop these symptoms later, while others never develop them at all, which is why it’s critical to get tested for HIV on a regular basis — ideally every three months. You can still transmit the virus to others even if you do not have noticeable symptoms of HIV.

During the chronic HIV infection stage, the virus replicates less rapidly than it did in the acute stage, but it continues to damage your CD4 cells and weaken your immune system.

Many people experience no symptoms or mild symptoms during this latent period, which is also sometimes referred to as asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency. However, just like during the acute HIV infection stage, you can still transmit the virus to others even if you are not experiencing symptoms.

Without effective treatment, your viral load will increase and your CD4 cell count will decrease as this stage of HIV progresses. You are more likely to experience symptoms of HIV when your viral load is high and your CD4 cell count is low. Taking HIV medication as prescribed can help you maintain a low or even undetectable viral load and prevent your HIV from progressing into AIDS.

AIDS is the third and most advanced stage of HIV. In this stage, your immune system is severely weakened, your viral load continues to increase, and your CD4 cell count continues to decrease. 

HIV progresses into AIDS when you have a CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells per cubic milliliter or when you develop an opportunistic infection (OI), an illness that occurs more frequently in individuals with HIV because of their weakened immune systems.

Opportunistic infections experienced by individuals with HIV include kaposi’s sarcoma, a type of cancer that develops in your blood and lymph vessels; pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), and mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), tuberculosis-related bacteria. However, OIs continue to occur less frequently as HIV treatment becomes more effective.

There are many effective HIV treatment options that can keep you healthy and help you maintain a low viral load. The primary treatment for HIV is called antiretroviral therapy (ART), a combination of medications that lower the amount of HIV in your bloodstream.

If you take your HIV medication every day as prescribed, you can maintain an undetectable viral load. This will preserve the strength of your own immune system and prevent you from transmitting the virus to others.

Starting ART as soon as possible after you receive an HIV diagnosis is critical to lowering your risk of developing AIDS and preventing you from transmitting the virus to others. If you have tested positive for HIV, reach out to your healthcare provider right away to begin treatment.

If you have tested negative for HIV, there are important HIV prevention medications that can help you continue to protect your health: PrEP and PEP.

PrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, can lower risk of sexual transmission of HIV by 99% when taken daily and reduces the risk of getting HIV from intravenous drug use by about 74%. PrEP may be right for you if you have a partner who is HIV-positive or unsure of their HIV status, or if you have multiple partners. Pharmacists in a growing number of states can now prescribe PrEP, including pharmacists at Alto’s California and Colorado locations.

PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, is a medication taken within 72 hours of potential exposure to HIV to lower your chances of contracting the virus. It can be prescribed by a healthcare provider at emergency rooms, sexual health clinics, community-based health centers, and, in some states, pharmacies. PEP is only for emergencies and accidental exposures. If you anticipate ongoing risk of exposure to HIV, speak with your doctor about potentially taking PrEP for long-term protection.

We’re here to help you navigate HIV treatment and prevention therapies

Our pharmacists have deep expertise in HIV treatment and prevention and can help you get started with antiretroviral therapy, PrEP, or PEP. We will coordinate with your doctor and your insurance provider to ensure that you’re receiving the best option for your needs at the best price. Pharmacists at our California locations are also able to prescribe PrEP and PEP, and pharmacists at our Colorado location are able to prescribe PrEP.

To learn more, reach out any time via text or phone at 1-800-874-5881, or in-app messaging.

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

World AIDS Day, observed on December 1st every year, is an important reminder that progress in the global fight against AIDS requires action and awareness from each individual around the world.

Take Action for World AIDS Day 2021

World AIDS Day, observed on December 1st every year since 1988, is an important reminder that progress in the global fight against AIDS requires action and awareness from each individual around the world.

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was heavily stigmatized from the beginning of the epidemic in the 1980s. Four years passed between the first cases of AIDS in the U.S. in 1981 and the Reagan administration’s first public mention of the disease. There were many misconceptions about how HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) — the virus that causes AIDS — can be transmitted and who is at risk of contracting it.

The stigma and lack of information about transmission and prevention led to many preventable cases of HIV/AIDS in the U.S. At the peak of the epidemic in 1995, complications from the disease were the leading cause of death for adults ages 25-44, and to date, more than 700,000 people in the U.S. have died from an HIV-related illness.

The HIV and AIDS landscape looks dramatically different today than it did back when World AIDS Day was first established. With greater awareness of HIV and AIDS, and more government funding of research, new HIV infections in the U.S. decreased by 73% between 1984 and 2019. Still, the fight to end AIDS isn’t over, with more than 1.2 million people living with HIV in the U.S.

In honor of World AIDS Day 2021, take a look at what has already been accomplished in the fight against AIDS and learn about what is needed next.

There were 34,800 new HIV infections in 2019

13% of those living with HIV don’t know it

57% of those living with HIV are virally suppressed (meaning they are not at risk of transmitting the virus to others)

Milestones in the history of HIV and AIDS

AIDS first emerged in the U.S. in 1981, but researchers did not learn that HIV caused AIDS until three years later in 1984. The history of HIV medication dates back to 1986, when clinical trials for azidothymidineor (AZT), the first antiretroviral HIV/AIDS medication, began. AZT was approved to treat HIV a year later.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy, often referred to as antiretroviral therapy (ART), became the frontline treatment for HIV in 1997. ART is a combination of medications that lower your viral load, which is the amount of HIV in your bloodstream. When taken every day as prescribed, these medications can help individuals with HIV maintain an undetectable viral load, virtually eliminating their risk of transmitting the virus to others.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved a PrEP medication in 2012. PrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, can lower the risk of sexual transmission of HIV by 99% when taken daily and reduces the risk of getting HIV from intravenous drug use by about 74%.

With these breakthroughs in HIV treatment and prevention therapies, the U.S. government recently announced a goal to reduce the number of new HIV infections by 75% by 2025 and at least 90% by 2030, preventing an estimated 250,000 additional cases of HIV.

Next steps in the fight against HIV and AIDS

Despite the progress that has been made in the fight against HIV and AIDS, prevention, care, and treatment remain inaccessible for many individuals at risk of contracting HIV — both in the U.S. and around the world. The theme for World AIDS Day 2021 is Ending the HIV Epidemic: Equitable Access, Everyone’s Voice, in recognition of how health inequities contribute to the epidemic.

In the U.S., racial discrimination and deeper inequities in healthcare have contributed to HIV’s disproportionate impact upon people of color. Black and Latinx individuals — particularly gay and bisexual men — are among the groups disproportionately affected by HIV. A variety of factors contribute to these disparities, including income inequality, unequal access to healthcare, and lower use of HIV prevention and treatment services. According to 2016 CDC data, white individuals accounted for 69% of PrEP use, while Latinx and Black individuals accounted for 13% and 11%, respectively.

Fortunately, HIV prevention medication continues to become more accessible, with generic medication options and expanded health insurance coverage of PrEP. And legislation in a handful of states, including California and Colorado, allows pharmacists to prescribe PrEP. (Pharmacists at Alto’s California and Colorado locations are now able to prescribe PrEP — see our free, same-day prescription delivery areas here). There are also a number of organizations working hard to make HIV services more accessible to communities of color, like NMAC and Black AIDS Institute.

Getting an HIV test is one of the most important things you can do for World AIDS Day. Not only will learning your HIV status give you the information you need to take control of your health, it will also help combat the stigma surrounding HIV and AIDS. Each person who makes use of testing and prevention services — and each person who speaks openly about HIV and AIDS, without perpetuating fear or stigma — brings us closer to a future without AIDS.

Search for a free and confidential HIV testing site near you.

View the CDC’s HIV stigma language guide to learn the power of the words you use when discussing HIV and AIDS.

Get support navigating HIV treatment and prevention medication

At Alto, we’re committed to doing our part to make HIV treatment and prevention services as accessible as possible. Our extensive library of HIV-focused content covers the information you need to make informed decisions about your health. And if you take PrEP or ART, our team will coordinate with your doctor’s office and your insurance provider to ensure that you’re receiving the best medication option for your health needs at the lowest price.

To learn more, reach out via text or phone at 1-800-874-5881, or in-app messaging.

How to Take Action for World AIDS Day 2021

Prioritizing your heart health becomes even more important during the holiday season. The good news? A little self-care goes a long way, and even small actions can have a big impact on your physical and mental well-being. Here are simple ways to keep your heart healthy this holiday season

How to Keep Your Heart Healthy During the Holidays

Prioritizing your heart health becomes even more important during the holiday season. Not only is it more difficult to maintain your typical exercise routine and healthy habits amid the shopping, traveling, and hosting, but the seasonal stress can also put more strain on your heart. The good news? A little self-care goes a long way, and even small actions can have a big impact on your physical and mental well-being. Here are simple ways to keep your heart healthy this holiday season.

Stress can increase your risk of heart disease both directly and indirectly. It increases inflammation, which is linked to high blood pressure, and can also lead to sleep deprivation or disruption, another risk factor for heart disease.

As you plan for heart-healthy holidays, identify potential sources of stress in advance and look for opportunities to limit it. Some degree of holiday stress is bound to occur, but try to avoid overextending yourself by setting priorities and limiting how much you take on.

Throughout the season, watch for the emotional, physical, and behavioral symptoms of stress. Each individual experiences stress differently, but common signs include headaches, chronic pain, decreased energy, changes in appetite, digestive issues, and depression.

If you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, seek out positive outlets for stress relief, like mindfulness, meditation, and exercise. Simply pausing to take a breath on a busy day can help counteract the physical effects of stress: in signaling the brain to calm, deep breathing can lower your heart rate and blood pressure.

In addition, here are some apps that can help you proactively manage stress and anxiety this holiday season:

Insight Timer, which offers a variety of free guided meditations

What’s Up?, which uses a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach to managing stress and negative thoughts

It may seem difficult to maintain a heart-healthy diet during the holidays: sodium — which can lead to high blood pressure — and trans fats — which increase your blood levels of “bad cholesterol” — are found in many popular seasonal dishes.

Prioritizing your heart health during the holidays doesn’t mean avoiding your favorite foods altogether, but rather trying to strike a balance. If you’re preparing food for holiday celebrations, look for small ingredient swaps that can transform a dish into a heart-healthy recipe. The American Heart Association has a list of holiday recipe hacks like swapping Greek yogurt for sour cream and applesauce for butter, and cooking with low-sodium or frozen vegetables.

The importance of moderation also applies to drinking, as increased alcohol consumption over the holidays can also impact your heart health. In the long term, heavy alcohol use — defined by the CDC as 8 or more drinks per week for a woman and 15 drinks or more for a man — may increase your risk for high blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke. In the shorter term, experiencing an increased heart rate as the result of drinking heavily during holiday celebrations is sometimes referred to as “holiday heart syndrome.”

Get creative with making time for exercise

It’s great to set New Year’s fitness goals, but that doesn’t mean November and December are a time to step back from your exercise routine. Regular physical activity lowers your risk for heart disease, and it’s especially important to stay active during the holidays in light of the added stress and opportunities to overindulge.

If you’re struggling to carve out time for exercise amid the hectic holiday season, get creative with how you fit exercise into your day. While it’s generally good to aim for about 30 minutes of exercise per day, your heart will benefit from even a quick 15 or 20-minute workout. Look for opportunities to fit in quick bursts of physical activity. Doing an extra lap at the mall while holiday shopping or taking the stairs instead of the escalator counts! Other daily activities that will get your heart pumping? Gardening or shoveling snow, depending on where you live, or going for more frequent walks with family.

And if you’re looking for easy ways to get in exercise during your holiday travels, browse free online workouts or try travel-friendly exercises like push-ups, planks, walking lunges, or jumping jacks.

It’s also important to continue to follow the treatment plan your doctor recommends even when celebrating or traveling. Most medications used to treat high cholesterol or blood pressure, or other conditions related to your heart health, need to be taken as prescribed every day in order to be effective. Not only that, but skipping the medication or stopping use of it abruptly may put you at risk for serious heart health issues.

During the holidays, it isn’t uncommon to accidentally leave your medication at home while traveling, or to run out of refills on a holiday. Take stock of your prescriptions well in advance of the holidays and make sure you have what you need to manage your health, especially if traveling. (We designed our app to help you stay on track with your medication, with reminders and auto refills.)

At Alto, we’re committed to making it as simple as possible to protect your heart health and stay on top of cholesterol-lowering or blood pressure management medications this holiday season. We will work with your doctor, your insurance (if applicable), and any third party savings programs that you may qualify for to ensure your medications are as affordable as possible. And our team of pharmacists is available to chat whenever questions come up about side effects or how to take your medication properly

Reach out any time via text or phone at 1-800-874-5881 or in-app messaging.

We explain how to manage asthma at night through a combination of asthma medications, healthy lifestyle choices, and good sleep hygiene.

How to Manage Asthma at Night

Have you noticed that your asthma symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and tightening of the chest intensify in the nighttime? You’re not alone: nocturnal asthma symptoms are common, especially if you are living with more severe asthma. A Journal of Asthma study involving around 14,000 individuals with asthma found that 60% of those with chronic asthma experienced nocturnal asthma symptoms.

Below, we explain how to manage asthma at night through a combination of asthma medications, healthy lifestyle choices, and good sleep hygiene.

Nocturnal asthma occurs when your symptoms are noticeably worse at night. (If you experience intense symptoms at any time of day, including nighttime, you may need to reevaluate your overall asthma treatment plan with your doctor.)

If you have nocturnal asthma, you may experience the following symptoms while you sleep, and your sleep may be interrupted as a result.

Numerous factors can contribute to nocturnal asthma, including environmental triggers and your personal health history.

The presence of allergens like dust mites and mold can trigger asthma symptoms, especially if you have allergy-induced asthma. Dust mites are small pests that generate allergens. They often live in your pillows, blankets, and mattress, so exposure to them at night is common. In some cases, nocturnal asthma may also be a delayed reaction to exposure to an allergen during the day.

Inhaling cold air from an air conditioner or outside source may contribute to more intense asthma symptoms at night. In addition, sleeping in a reclining position causes your chest and lungs to experience additional pressure, which can also contribute to asthma symptoms. Elevating your shoulders and neck with additional pillows or lying on your left side with or without a pillow between your legs may help you sleep more comfortably.

Your circadian rhythm — the 24-hour natural process that regulates your sleep cycles — affects your nighttime levels of hormones like epinephrine, which relaxes and widens your airways, and histamine, which restricts your airways. Nightly fluctuations in these hormones may contribute to inflammation in your airways, prompting nocturnal asthma symptoms. You are most likely to experience nocturnal asthma symptoms when your epinephrine levels are at their lowest and your histamine levels are at their highest.

The following health conditions have also been linked to nighttime asthma:

Sinusitis, a condition in which there is increased drainage from your sinuses

Mental health disorders and chronic stress

If you have asthma and wake up several nights a week even after following your individual asthma treatment plan, consult with your doctor about additional treatment options. They can evaluate your symptoms, identify potential causes, and suggest modifications to your treatment plan if needed.

Common daily asthma medications can also help you manage worsening symptoms at night. Inhaled corticosteroids like Flovent® HFA and Qvar Redihaler®, which reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways, making them less likely to react to asthma triggers, are frequently prescribed for people who experience nocturnal asthma symptoms.

Quick-acting bronchodilators like albuterol (branded options include ProAir® HFA, Proventil® HFA, Ventolin® HFA) or levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA®) may also be used to treat acute asthma symptoms at night. These inhalers relax the muscles around your airways to make it easier to breathe and are taken on an as-needed basis for immediate relief of symptoms . Common side effects of bronchodilators include nervousness or shakiness, headache, throat or nasal irritation, and muscle aches.

If you have any concerns about potential side effects of asthma medications, your doctor can explain more about the potential benefits and risks of taking corticosteroids or bronchodilators.

If allergens like dust mites are contributing to your nocturnal asthma symptoms, regularly washing your sheets, blankets, and mattress protector may help you avoid triggers. Wash bedding in hot water if possible, since this will help kill dust mites. In addition, maintain a comfortable temperature — 65-70 degrees Fahrenheit is a good range for many individuals with asthma — by making sure your room is well-insulated and shutting windows to keep cold air out. Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air inside your room can also help.

Better sleep hygiene isn’t a substitute for asthma medication, but getting a good quality of sleep at night can minimize the negative effects of any sleep disturbances you experience from nighttime asthma.

Avoid use of electronic devices like cell phones, tablets, and computers at least 30 minutes before you go to sleep, if possible. In addition to stimulating your brain, these devices emit blue light, which can affect your production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates your sleep.

Meditating and exercising before sleeping can also help you fall and stay asleep more easily, but avoid high-intensity exercise close to when you go to bed.

Create an environment that sets you up for a good night’s sleep. In addition to maintaining a comfortable temperature, make sure that your room is dark or dimly lit without distracting lights from electronic devices. You may also want to consider sleeping with your humidifier on, if you have one.

If you think you may have a sleep disorder like sleep apnea or insomnia, consult with your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment, in addition to taking the actions above.

Alto is here every step of the way to make it easy to manage your asthma symptoms at any time of day. Our team of pharmacists is available to answer questions about your asthma medications, and we offer free, same-day delivery and medication management tools like reminders and auto refills in our app.

Reach out via text or phone at 1-800-874-5881 or in-app messaging to learn how Alto can support your asthma treatment plan.

All third party trademarks (including logos and icons) referenced by Alto Pharmacy remain the property of their respective owners. Unless specifically identified as such, Alto’s use of third party trademarks does not indicate any relationship, sponsorship or endorsement between Alto and the owners of these trademarks.

Woman sleeping; asthma inhaler on bedside

Alto Connect is the industry’s first mobile app for clinical teams to track prescriptions and message with the pharmacy on-the-go.

Introducing Alto Connect

Big news from the team here at Alto: today we launched Alto Connect, the industry’s first mobile app for clinical teams to track prescriptions and message with the pharmacy on-the-go! You’ll also see the new Alto Connect brand on our desktop portal, formerly known as AltoMD: new name, same great pharmacy services.

The Alto Connect mobile app is the next evolution of Alto’s custom-built provider communications center, formerly known as AltoMD. Alto was the first pharmacy in the United States to offer a prescriber-focused pharmacy communication platform when the original desktop-based AltoMD product launched in March 2016. Since then, more than 500 doctors offices have integrated Alto Connect into their daily workflows and prescription management. 

Doctors offices who work with Alto Pharmacy can now access Alto Connect across all of their devices, providing greater flexibility and convenience for monitoring prescriptions on busy days spent juggling patient consultations and other business needs. Instead of spending hours on the phone or fighting with the fax machine, Alto Connect provides instant access to prescription information and pharmacy messaging, and Alto Connect users can move seamlessly between the two platforms throughout their workday.

With Alto Connect, clinical staff can view all current prescriptions at Alto Pharmacy, including delivery status, out-of-pocket costs and refills. You'll never have to wonder if a patient picked up their prescription or stayed on track with their refills between visits - our system tells you exactly where every prescription stands for every patient.

Have a question for our pharmacy team? Curious about insurance coverage, delivery times, or other aspects of our service? Our team is here to help! You can send us a general message or ask a question specific to one of your patient's prescriptions. 

Alto Connect's push and email notifications alert you when a prescription needs additional information to move forward — most commonly, a clinical clarification or additional data needed for a prior authorization. We'll only alert you when we're certain we need your team's input, so you can stay focused on your patients.

Using AltoMD on your computer today? Nothing changes other than the name! Ready to try Alto Connect mobile for yourself? Scan the QR code above to download the app - your AltoMD login works on the mobile app. 

Need help setting up an Alto Connect account or want training for your staff? Reach out to providersuccess@alto.com.

From vigilant hand-washing to getting enough vitamin C and D, here are a few ways to give yourself an immunity boost in advance of cold and flu season.

How to Prepare for Cold and Flu Season

The leaves are turning and the days are getting shorter, which means it’s time to start preparing for cold and flu season. The flu — shorthand for influenza — is a respiratory illness caused by viruses that affect your nose, throat, and lungs. In the U.S. and the rest of the Northern Hemisphere, flu cases typically ramp up toward the end of October and peak between December and February.

One reason the flu spreads more easily during the winter months is that cold air protects the virus as it travels through the air in the form of tiny droplets. The other main reason is that people socialize indoors more frequently, where it’s easier for the flu to spread when someone affected by the virus coughs or sneezes.

The good news is that there are simple steps you can take to strengthen your immunity. From vigilant hand-washing to getting enough vitamin C and D, here are a few ways to give yourself an immunity boost in advance of cold and flu season.

The number one thing you can do to protect your health and that of your loved ones is to get an annual flu shot, which will prompt your immune system to create antibodies that will defend you against the flu. Medical experts recommend getting the vaccine each and every year. every year.

Keep in mind it can take up to two weeks for the antibodies to provide sufficient protection. Given that flu season often peaks around December, the best time to get vaccinated is during September and October, and ideally no later than the end of October.

The flu can cause more serious health problems for people over the age of 65 and individuals living with chronic conditions such as COPD or diabetes, so it’s even more important to be proactive about flu vaccination if you fall into one of these groups.

Good personal hygiene can lower your risk of getting the cold or flu and spreading it to others. Practice simple preventative measures like frequently washing your hands, disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, and keeping a healthy distance from anyone who isn’t feeling well.

And yes, there is a “right way” to wash your hands when it comes to cold and flu prevention. The CDC recommends following the simple steps below to stay healthy and avoid spreading germs.

1. Wet your hands with warm or cold running water and apply soap.

2. Lather your hands, including the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and beneath your nails. 

3. Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. (Singing “Happy Birthday” twice is one option for timing yourself.)

Get a good night’s sleep and regular exercise

Your body is better prepared to defend against infectious diseases when it’s well-rested. Research has found that sleep can strengthen your T cells’ ability to help you fight infection. (T cells are a specific type of white blood cell and an important part of your immune system.)

To strengthen your immunity, aim for 7 to 9 hours every night. If you’re having difficulty falling asleep or sleeping through the night, there are some steps you can take to improve the quality of your sleep. Try to follow a consistent schedule: go to bed at the same time each night and wake up at the same time each morning, even on the weekends. And avoid consuming heavy meals or caffeine or using electronic devices close to your bedtime.

Staying physically active can also help you sleep better. In fact, exercise may boost your immunity in other ways, too, such as increasing your circulation, which helps white blood cells and antibodies travel to parts of your body where they’re needed. 

Studies have found that U.S. adults tend to exercise less during winter and fall than they do during spring and summer, so be sure that your calendar can still accommodate your fitness routine during the colder months. Whether you explore virtual workout classes or bundle up to brave the cold, aim for about 150 minutes of exercise a week or 30 minutes per day.

Your dietary choices can strengthen your immune system, not only during cold and flu season but all year round. 

Probiotics are tiny organisms that can help you maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in your digestive system, which will also support your immune system. Fermented foods like kimchi, sauerkraut, and kefir all contain live probiotics, as does greek yogurt. In addition, legumes like chickpeas and lentils contain prebiotics, a type of fiber consumed by probiotics which also contributes to a healthy digestive system.

Oranges, tomatoes, and spinach each offer up plenty of Vitamin C, a powerful nutrient with many health benefits, including the ability to boost immunity and fight inflammation.

You’re automatically exposed to Vitamin D — another crucial immunity-related nutrient — on hot, sunny days, but during winter, it’s extra important to add it to your diet. Sources of Vitamin D include egg yolks, mushrooms, canned tuna, and salmon, which also contains other immunity-boosting nutrients like zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. There is evidence that taking Vitamin D daily can significantly lower your risk of getting sick with the cold or flu, and you may also consider taking Vitamin D supplements.

Lastly, if you’re feeling under the weather, be sure to drink 6-8 cups of water a day, as you can become dehydrated more easily when sick.

When you’re chronically stressed, your body releases a hormone called cortisol very frequently. Cortisol helps the body fight inflammation and infection, but its continual release can lessen its effectiveness as part of your immune system. 

Some degree of stress is inevitable, but there are healthy ways to keep it under control, like practicing meditation, exercising, and staying connected to family and friends. If stressors at work or at home feel difficult to manage, your primary care provider can help you find mental health resources. 

In addition, check out free mental health apps like What’s Up?, which helps you manage stress and negative thoughts through a therapy approach called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and Insight Timer, which has a diverse library of free guided meditations.

We’re here to help you navigate this year’s cold and flu season

We hope that the immunity-boosting tips above will help you enjoy a healthy fall and winter. If you do develop flu symptoms, remember to keep others safe by staying home and reporting your symptoms to a doctor as soon as possible (ideally within 48 hours to reduce the severity and duration of your illness). And with a strong immune system, you’re likely to be on the mend in no time at all.

Many mild cases of the cold or flu can often be treated with rest and extra self-care, but if your doctor prescribes an antiviral medication, we’ll hand-deliver it to your door for free. Reach out any time via text or phone at 1-800-874-5881, or in-app messaging.

Proactively managing COPD with medication and lifestyle changes can help prevent periods of intensified symptoms, referred to as exacerbations or flare-ups. Here’s more on how to recognize, treat, and prevent COPD flare-ups.

How to Manage and Prevent a COPD Flare-Up

Proactively managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with medication and lifestyle changes can help slow the progression of the chronic lung disease and prevent periods of intensified COPD symptoms, commonly referred to as exacerbations or flare-ups. 

However, these flare-ups may occur even when closely following your doctor’s individualized treatment plan, especially during the more advanced stages of COPD, so it’s important to have a plan in place to quickly address symptoms. Here’s more on how to recognize, treat, and prevent COPD flare-ups.

Recognizing the symptoms of a COPD flare-up

During a COPD flare-up, symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing quickly intensify and lung function significantly changes. (Lung function refers to how well your lungs work, specifically how much air they can hold and how easy it is for them to empty air.)

Individual experiences of a COPD flare-up may vary, but many people often notice greater amounts of mucus clogging the bronchial tubes in their lungs and sudden tightening of muscles around their airways. Here are key signs and symptoms to be aware of.

More frequent or more intense coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath

Changes in the color, thickness, or amount of mucus

Using more oxygen than usual, if your treatment plan includes supplemental oxygen

If you experience any of the symptoms above, the best step is to call your doctor right away. Each COPD flare-up can affect your long-term lung function, so it’s important to address symptoms as quickly as possible.

To effectively manage a COPD flare-up, you’ll want to create a COPD action plan with your doctor. Then, if you experience the signs of a flare-up, you’ll have a specific outline of the actions and medications that can help restore your breathing. Here are some of the medications your doctor may include in your individualized COPD treatment plan.

Short-acting medications like bronchodilators relax your airway muscles and open your lungs to quickly reduce discomfort. Albuterol (branded options include ProAir® HFA, Proventil® HFA, Ventolin® HFA) is commonly used to treat COPD exacerbations. This medication is typically taken through an inhaler, but can also be taken as a liquid solution for nebulizer use. (A nebulizer is a device that turns a liquid medication into a mist that you can inhale through a face mask. It allows the medication to travel quickly to your lungs.)

Although not common, potential side effects of bronchodilators include nervousness or shakiness, headache, throat or nasal irritation, and muscle aches. Your doctor can explain more about the risks and benefits of using a bronchodilator to treat COPD exacerbations when building your treatment plan.

Your doctor may also recommend oral corticosteroids, which are fast-acting medications that reduce swelling in your lungs and open your airways so that more air can move in and out of your lungs. They are primarily prescribed for short-term use, typically five to seven days.

Oral corticosteroids commonly used to treat COPD exacerbations include:

Prednisone (Prednisone Intensol®, Rayos®)

Some people experience mild side effects from short-term corticosteroid use, including swollen hands and feet, elevated blood pressure, increased appetite, and shifts in mood.

Many people with more advanced COPD use supplemental oxygen to increase their tolerance for physical activities, while others use it only to relieve shortness of breath during an exacerbation.

If your flare-up is more mild, you may take oxygen at home. When writing your prescription for oxygen therapy, your doctor will explain how and when to use the oxygen. It is important to follow all of your doctor’s instructions, including the flow rate setting (how much oxygen you’ll need per minute). The American Lung Association has resources for anyone starting oxygen therapy.

If your COPD has progressed to a later stage, some flare-ups may require treatment in a hospital setting. This allows healthcare professionals to more closely observe your symptoms and monitor vital signs like your pulse, temperature, and blood pressure. Consult with your doctor about specific symptoms to look out for that may indicate a need for more intensive treatment or monitoring.

How to lower your risk of COPD exacerbations

There are many steps you can take to lower your risk of a COPD exacerbation and reduce the frequency of COPD-related hospitalizations.

First, it’s important to closely follow your doctor’s recommendations, including taking any maintenance medications exactly as prescribed. (We designed our app to make it as simple as possible to do so, with medication management tools like reminders and auto refills that help you stay on track.)

In addition, try to limit your exposure to leading triggers of COPD exacerbations, including cigarette smoke (this includes secondhand smoke), indoor and outdoor air pollution, cold air, and household dust.

To keep the air inside your home as clean as possible, avoid perfumes and cleaning and hygiene products with strong odors. Use air purifiers and vacuum cleaners with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.

Lastly, the flu and pneumonia can worsen COPD symptoms and potentially lead to a flare-up, so it’s important to get your yearly flu shot and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are eligible for the pneumonia vaccine.

We’re here to support your COPD treatment

COPD flare-ups can cause discomfort, but we’re here every step of the way to help you manage symptoms and get the medications you need, with free same-day delivery and easy-to-use medication management reminders in our app.

And our team of pharmacists are always here to answer your questions by phone, text, or chat. Reach out any time via text or phone at 1-800-874-5881, or in-app messaging.

October is American Pharmacist Month, a time to celebrate the critical role that pharmacists and pharmacy technicians play within healthcare.

Celebrating American Pharmacist Month At Alto

October just might be our favorite month of the year, and for a good reason: it’s American Pharmacist Month, a time to celebrate the critical role that pharmacists and pharmacy technicians play within healthcare.

Pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare professionals, seeing people 5 to 8 times more frequently per year than primary care providers. And as such, they are integral to your overall health and well-being. 

You may not realize all the responsibilities that a pharmacist’s role encompasses. In addition to filling your prescriptions, they also educate on medication usage, advocate for changes that improve care, and problem solve clinical, ethical, managerial, economic, and legal compliance issues, becoming a trusted resource to the individuals they care for. Extensive training and education are required to enter the profession: a pharmacist must earn a doctorate in Pharmacy and complete state-specific licensing requirements before becoming licensed to practice pharmacy.

At many traditional retail pharmacies, each pharmacist is expected to tackle a broad assortment of tasks that often leave them feeling overwhelmed and stressed, like managing transactions for customers, answering questions about where non-pharmacy items are stocked, and contacting insurance companies on top of ensuring prescriptions are dispensed properly and safely. At Alto, however, pharmacists align with one of several practice areas — fulfillment, customer care, and onboarding — so that they are able to focus on specific aspects of pharmacist practice and deliver exceptional care to Alto’s customers.

Fulfillment pharmacists are responsible for inventory management, medication preparation, physical quality checks, and dispensing, all to make sure the right medication arrives at your door, on schedule. Our customer care pharmacists review prescriptions for accuracy and for potential complications with other medications on file; provide individualized consultations on dosing, side effects and other concerns; and partner with healthcare providers on clinical recommendations. And our onboarding pharmacists — a relatively new role at Alto — are a bridge to an individual's broader team, supporting healthcare providers and ensuring continuity of care between prescriber and pharmacy.

“At Alto, we are proud of our customer-focused services and forward-thinking means of providing those services,” shares Ashley Lee, Onboarding Pharmacist. “Being a pharmacist at Alto gives me the unique opportunity to not only practice patient care, but also to design it to be meaningful to as many individuals in need as possible. The innovation never stops here at Alto.”

How Alto pharmacists serve our communities

There’s no shortage of opportunities for a pharmacist to support an individual with their medication needs or to be a partner in their health journey alongside their doctor’s office, family and other support networks. Here are just a few of the many roles that Alto pharmacists fulfill.

Literally. Our pharmacists are educators who mentor other pharmacists-in-training. Sandra Aziz, Pharmacy Compliance Program and Training Manager, is responsible for training new Pharmacy Managers and Supervisors at our dispensing sites, ensuring they have the resources needed to be effective managers and to oversee their pharmacy location’s compliance program and daily operations.

Sandra also manages our internship programs for pharmacy students. Alto offers an immersive 10-week Pharmacy Operations Management summer internship program for eligible students at Howard University’s School of Pharmacy (HUCOP). The program provides an opportunity to gain a breadth of experience across clinical pharmacy care, operations, and business development. Students also have the opportunity to actively influence Alto’s software development and implement ideas that further preventative healthcare and pharmacist involvement in community health.

Sandra also launched our Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences (IPPE) and Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPE) programs, which allow students from pharmacy schools across the country to select Alto as a practice site. While at Alto, they are exposed to highly skilled and entrepreneurial pharmacists, engineers, and operations experts with whom they can partner to challenge, reinvent, and improve pharmacy. 

“It’s been really rewarding to see more pharmacy students expressing interest in our programs,” Sandra said. “We have a rare opportunity to give students an experiential learning experience that you won’t find at any other pharmacy. At Alto, our pharmacists work cross-functionally across operations, engineering, and design to build a better, more intuitive community pharmacy from the ground up. We focus on challenges faced by patients, providers, and payers, and find solutions that optimize experience, transparency, and health outcomes.”

Read our previous post, 'From Pharmacist to Professor: Sandra Aziz Spotlight'.

They’re also here to teach you! Our pharmacists are happy to chat on the phone for however long you need to offer individualized support. Many customers use these one-on-one consultations to learn how to give themselves injections as part of fertility treatment or diabetes management or to confirm special storage or dosing instructions, but our pharmacists are happy to share their expertise on any question related to your prescriptions or health needs.

For example, did you know that our pharmacists are experts on managing side effects? As a bridge between you and your doctor, our pharmacists review all of your current medications to identify any potential symptoms or medication interactions, and they’re available to talk through any questions or concerns.

Lawmakers in several states have recognized the accessibility of pharmacists and their potential to play an even larger role in healthcare, specifically in the HIV prevention space. California became the first state to allow pharmacists to prescribe HIV prevention medication like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in 2019, and Colorado became the second in November 2020. Pharmacists at Alto’s California locations are able to prescribe PrEP and PEP, and we’re currently working to bring the service to our Colorado location.

“As healthcare providers in the community, there is a big opportunity for us as pharmacists to play a critical role in HIV prevention and help increase accessibility to medications like PrEP and PEP,” explains Susan Sun, Specialty Pharmacist. “It’s been wonderful to see growing recognition of a pharmacist’s impact even outside of the healthcare community, and the recent legislation that allows pharmacists to prescribe in some states is just a start. It’s a privilege for pharmacists to be a part of these exciting changes and make HIV prevention easier for others.”

In honor of American Pharmacist Month, we’d like to say a big and heartfelt thank you to our incredible team of 175+ pharmacists. Each of you plays a critical role in the wellbeing of our customers, the strength of our provider relationships and the quality of our service — we’re grateful for your hard work all year long. 

Here are just a few of the faces responsible for providing exceptional pharmacist care at Alto!

Blog

All About HIV: Stages, Symptoms and Treatment

How to Take Action for World AIDS Day 2021

How to Keep Your Heart Healthy During the Holidays

How to Manage Asthma at Night

Introducing Alto Connect

How to Prepare for Cold and Flu Season

How to Manage and Prevent a COPD Flare-Up

Celebrating American Pharmacist Month At Alto

National Gay Men's HIV/AIDS Awareness Day

Medications Commonly Used to Treat Arrhythmias

Get to Know the Team That Has Doctors Calling Alto “The Pharmacy of The Future”

What to Know About Using PEP to Prevent HIV Infection

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