Shop Alto Essentials to add pharmacy products to any delivery!

Your partner in navigating the ins and outs of prescriptions — at no extra cost.

Alto Pharmacy Technician

Alto Pharmacist

It’s official: Alto Pharmacy is a great place to work! We’re honored to join the community of Great Place to Work-Certified™ companies based on team member feedback and a rigorous assessment of our company’s culture and benefits.

Join us in delivering our industry-leading pharmacy care to millions of people across the country. As a member of the team, you’ll play an integral role in improving our customers’ quality of life and redefining what’s possible in pharmacy. 

Be Part of a Great Place to Work — Join Our Team

Hear first-hand from members of the Alto technology teams.

Read the latest Alto blog posts covering healthcare, family health, managing diseases, and other Alto highlights.

Blog | Alto Pharmacy

With effective treatment, including blood pressure medications, you can live an active life. Learn about the common blood pressure medications and their side effects.

Common Types of Blood Pressure Medications

High blood pressure, which affects nearly half of all U.S. adults, occurs when the force of the blood flowing through your arteries is consistently too high, forcing the heart to work harder. Over time, high blood pressure can damage major organs including the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes and lead to life-threatening issues like heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

With effective treatment, including both heart-healthy lifestyle habits and prescription blood pressure medications, you can control your blood pressure and live an active life. There are a variety of blood pressure medications, and it may take some time for you and your doctor to determine the best treatment for your needs. The good news is that with so many available and effective medications, you’re likely to find one that’s right for you. Read on to learn more about the most common classes of blood pressure medications and their side effects.

Diuretics lower blood pressure by helping the body get rid of excess sodium and water, reducing the volume of fluid in blood vessels. They are often a frontline treatment for high blood pressure, as research studies have found them to be one of the most effective blood pressure medication classes at preventing stroke and heart attack fatalities.

Diuretics commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

Chlorthalidone (Thalitone®, Tenoretic®, and Clorpres®)

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril®, Microzide®, and Esidrix®)

Common side effects of diuretics include dehydration, thirst, low sodium levels, headaches, and dizziness. In some cases, drinking more fluids isn’t enough to treat dehydration. Contact your doctor if you experience severe thirst, mouth dryness, or constipation; if your urine is a deep yellow; or if you have a bad headache. Taking multiple medications may exacerbate these side effects. To minimize medication interactions, speak with your doctor about the ideal timing of doses for each medication.

Some diuretics decrease your potassium levels, in which case you may experience weakness, leg cramps, or fatigue. Eating potassium-rich foods can help combat these side effects. Consult with your doctor about taking potassium supplements if you experience any of these symptoms.

Diuretics may increase blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Adjusting your diet or the dosages of your diabetes medication(s) often addresses this issue. Learn more about how Alto can support your diabetes treatment.

Beta blockers cause the heart to beat more slowly and less forcefully, lowering your blood pressure. They also help improve overall blood flow by opening up your veins and arteries.

Beta blockers commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

Common side effects from taking beta blockers include:

Beta blockers may block signs of low blood sugar such as a rapid heart rate in people with diabetes. If you have diabetes and take insulin, it’s important to check blood sugar levels often while taking beta blockers.

These medications may also affect your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Most often, they cause a modest increase in triglycerides, a type of fat found in your blood, and a slight decrease in HDL (high-density lipoprotein), or “good” cholesterol. These changes are usually temporary.

Beta blockers aren’t typically used by people with asthma, as they may trigger severe asthma attacks. Abruptly stopping use of beta-blockers may increase your risk of a heart attack or other health complications, especially if you have been taking the medication for a long time. Consult with your healthcare provider about the potential risks and benefits of treating your hypertension with beta-blockers.

ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by blocking production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which causes blood vessels to narrow. These medications help constricted blood vessels expand so that more blood can flow through.

ACE inhibitors commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

A chronic dry, hacking cough is one of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors, affecting as many as 35% of people who take these medications. Researchers aren’t entirely sure why some people experience this side effect and not others, but the following factors may contribute to it:

Gender — women tend to be more susceptible

Studies have found that a combination of two or more of the factors above is needed to produce the side effect.

Cough medicines typically aren’t effective at treating an ACE inhibitor-related cough. In some cases, this side effect may improve on its own. If you are experiencing a cough from taking ACE inhibitors, the best course of action is to discuss the pros and cons of switching to another medication with your doctor.

Additional possible side effects of ACE inhibitors include:

ACE inhibitors can harm both mother and baby during pregnancy. If you’re taking an ACE inhibitor and think you might be pregnant, speak with your doctor immediately.

Like ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) also protect blood vessels from the hormone angiotensin II. Angiotensin II must bind with a receptor site to constrict blood vessels. ARBs block the receptors to prevent blood vessels from tightening, which lowers blood pressure.

ARBs commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

ARBs may produce harmful interactions with other medications. This medication class should not be taken with an ACE inhibitor, as the combination can lead to a greater risk for low blood pressure, kidney damage, and high potassium levels. Speak with your doctor before taking painkillers like ibuprofen or naproxen, as these medications may interact with ARBs to increase your potassium levels.

ARBs are not safe to take during pregnancy, as they can severely harm a developing fetus. If you think you might be pregnant, consult with your doctor immediately.

Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. Decreasing the calcium in these cells makes the heart beat with less force, opening up narrowed blood vessels and lowering blood pressure.

Calcium channel blockers commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

Diltiazem (Cardizem CD®, Cardizem SR®, Dilacor XR®, Tiazac®)

Verapamil (Calan SR®, Covera HS®, Isoptin SR®, Verelan®)

Possible side effects of calcium channel blockers include:

The body releases hormones called catecholamines in response to stress. When these hormones bind to parts of cells called alpha-receptors, blood vessels narrow, causing the heart to beat faster and more forcefully. This leads to an increase in blood pressure.

Alpha blockers prevent catecholamines from binding to alpha-receptors so that blood can flow more freely, which also helps the heart beat more normally. This helps control blood pressure.

Alpha blockers commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

Possible side effects of alpha blockers include:

A drop in blood pressure when you stand up

Consult your doctor about the potential risks and benefits of taking an alpha blocker. These medications have been known to interact with other medications like beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and medications for erectile dysfunction, increasing or decreasing their effects. Make sure your doctor is aware of any other medications you take.

When combined, alpha blockers and beta blockers prevent catecholamine hormones from binding to both alpha and beta receptors. These medications decrease the constriction of blood vessels and make the heart work less forcefully.

Alpha-beta blockers commonly used to treat high blood pressure include:

Common Types of Blood Pressure Medications 

With effective treatment, including both heart-healthy lifestyle habits and prescription blood pressure medications, you can control your blood pressure and live an active life. Read on to learn more about the most common classes of blood pressure medications and their side effects.

In the event of a hypoglycemia emergency, a hormone called glucagon can help people with diabetes restore their blood sugar to a healthy range. Here’s what to know about hypoglycemia and the purpose of glucagon in diabetes treatment.

The Purpose of Glucagon in Diabetes Treatment

For people with diabetes, monitoring blood sugar levels is a balancing act. In general, diabetes causes higher levels of blood sugar because the body lacks insulin. Without the right treatment, high blood sugar can lead to serious health complications in the long term, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and vision loss.

At the same time, people with diabetes who take insulin as part of their treatment face an increased risk for low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia. This is a serious health concern in its own right, as severe hypoglycemia episodes can lead to seizures or the loss of consciousness.

The role of insulin in diabetes treatment

Insulin can help manage both of the two main types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes, which often begins during childhood or adolescence, cannot produce any insulin at all, so they need insulin injections every day to control their levels of blood glucose.

Type 2 diabetes, which develops gradually due to a mixture of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors, involves two key problems with insulin production: cells in the body become resistant to insulin, and the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate levels of blood glucose. It may be possible to manage early-stage type 2 diabetes with oral medication and healthy lifestyle habits, but many people with more advanced type 2 diabetes take insulin injections to manage their blood sugar.

Insulin must be injected into the fatty tissue under your skin to reach the bloodstream. It may be administered with a syringe, pen, or pump. Read our previous blog for an overview of insulin in diabetes treatment.

Blood sugar targets and insulin reactions

Blood sugar naturally fluctuates throughout the day depending on calorie intake, physical activity, and other factors including stress and sleep. The goal of insulin therapy is to keep your insulin levels as steady as possible to avoid rapid changes in your blood glucose levels. However, blood sugar can fall outside of the healthy range, even with the right dosage of insulin.

An insulin reaction — also referred to as hypoglycemia — is when your blood glucose levels drop below a healthy range after taking insulin. The main causes of hypoglycemia are not eating enough or exercising too much. The timing of your insulin dose can also cause blood sugar to drop.

For many people with diabetes, hypoglycemia occurs when their blood sugar is less than 70 mg/dL. However, diabetes treatment plans are individualized, and you may have a different blood sugar target range. Your healthcare provider can help you develop your own targets and determine what too low means for you.

Individual reactions to low blood sugar vary, so it’s important to take note of your symptoms as they occur and learn your own signs of hypoglycemia. Below are common signs to watch for.

Coordination problems, clumsiness, and confusion

The only way to confirm that you are experiencing hypoglycemia is to check your blood sugar with a blood glucose meter or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). However, if you are experiencing signs of low blood sugar and unable to check blood sugar levels, treat symptoms with high-sugar foods or drinks.

The 15-15 rule for treating mild hypoglycemia

Generally speaking, mild hypoglycemia occurs when your blood sugar is between 55-69 mg/dL. It can often be treated by following the 15-15 rule: eat fifteen grams of carbohydrates to restore blood sugar levels to a healthy range and check your levels again after fifteen minutes. If your blood sugar is still below 70 mg/dL or your own personal target, eat fifteen more grams of carbohydrates. Repeat these steps until your blood sugar is back to normal, then eat a meal or snack to maintain it.

Consuming the following items may help raise your blood sugar:

4 ounces (½ cup) of juice or regular soda (not diet)

Young children with diabetes typically need less than 15 grams of carbohydrates to raise low blood sugar. If your child has diabetes, work with your healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan.

Severe hypoglycemia and the purpose of glucagon

Severely low blood sugar — 55 mg/dL or less for many people with diabetes — cannot be treated with the 15-15 rule. This is where glucagon comes into play. The purpose of glucagon is to restore blood sugar during these episodes of severe hypoglycemia.

Ideally, working with your doctor to monitor blood sugar levels can help you avoid severe hypoglycemia. However, it’s important to be prepared in the event of an emergency. Glucagon is available by prescription and can be administered as a nasal spray or injection. There are several FDA-approved medication options for glucagon, including GlucaGen®, Eli Lilly’s Glucagon Emergency Kit for Low Blood Sugar, Gvoke®, ZEGALOGUE®, and a generic option approved in December 2020.

 If you have a glucagon prescription, check the expiration date and make sure there’s at least a year of remaining shelf life. Friends, family, co-workers, and anyone else you spend a lot of time with should know where to find your glucagon and how to administer it. Make sure they also know to contact a doctor immediately after emergency glucagon administration.

Blood sugar monitoring and preventing hypoglycemia

Regular monitoring of blood sugar can help you stay within your target range and understand how factors like food, physical activity, medications, and stress affect your blood sugar levels. Depending on your insulin dosage, you may need to check and record your blood sugar multiple times a day, including before and after meals and at bedtime. Your doctor will let you know when to check your blood sugar. It's important to follow the schedule your doctor has recommended and to keep a daily record of your blood sugar levels.

If you find that your blood sugar often falls below your normal range, share your blood sugar numbers with your healthcare provider, along with any relevant information on physical activity and diet. They can help you identify patterns and recommend adjustments to your treatment to keep your blood sugar in balance.

We’re here to support your diabetes care plan

We understand how overwhelming diabetes treatment may feel at first. While health risks like hypoglycemia can be serious, a strong care team can help you stay on top of blood sugar monitoring and confidently manage your diabetes.

Alto is more than just a pharmacy — we’re a partner in your diabetes care. We have a dedicated diabetes support team to ensure that you have everything you need to follow through on your individualized treatment plan. Learn more here or reach out at any time by phone at 1-800-874-5881 or in-app secure messaging.

This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

All third party trademarks (including logos and icons) referenced by Alto Pharmacy remain the property of their respective owners. Unless specifically identified as such, Alto’s use of third party trademarks does not indicate any relationship, sponsorship or endorsement between Alto and the owners of these trademarks.

Managing your fertility medications can be stressful but learning more about their purposes and side effects can help with peace of mind. Let’s take a closer look at the main types of fertility medications.

Fertility Medications 101

There are many paths to parenthood. For some, the journey includes fertility treatments like egg freezing or in vitro fertilization (IVF), which help millions of individuals preserve their fertility options or conceive. And while these procedures can help you start the family you’ve always dreamt of, the process can sometimes feel like an overload of information and new things to learn.

Fertility medications are often one of the more overwhelming parts of the journey as they are prescribed on a tightly-timed schedule with specific doses based on hormone levels. Your doctor may decide to change your prescriptions throughout the process based on ultrasounds and bloodwork.

Managing your medications, which are often taken as nightly injections, can be stressful and may take some getting used to. However, learning more about the purposes and side effects of your fertility medications can help with peace of mind. Let’s take a closer look at the main types of fertility medications used for egg freezing and IVF.

The main goal of egg freezing is to retrieve as many mature eggs as possible from your ovaries: the more eggs you have, the higher your chances are of fertilizing one or more eggs and becoming pregnant as a result of IVF. This process involves ovary stimulation to induce follicle growth and egg production.

Stimulation medications used in egg freezing contain three important hormones that cause the ovaries to mature and release eggs: follicle stimulation hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Your doctor may prescribe some of the following commonly used stimulation medications:

These oral medications are mainly used during ovulation induction (OI) or intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatments to induce the ovary to produce and release eggs. Both Clomid and Letrozole work by reducing estrogen levels, which then signals the body to generate more FSH.  

Created in a lab, these medications are biosimilar to natural hormones and mimic FSH in your body. They are taken at the beginning of an egg freezing or IVF cycle to help your body produce many follicles, which are fluid-filled sacs in your ovaries that potentially contain an egg.

This medication contains LH and FSH. Like Gonal-f or Follistim, it is introduced early on in an egg freezing or IVF cycle to stimulate follicle production.

Novarel/Pregnyl are both a urinary extracted form of hCG (compared to Ovidrel which is a recombinant, or created in the lab). These hCG medications stimulate the body’s natural LH surge, inducing the final maturation of your eggs and triggering ovulation within 36 hours. They are usually the last injection of your IVF treatment.

This medication also contains hCG but in a recombinant, or lab-made, form. Similar to Novarel/Pregnyl, it is used to promote the eggs' final growth spurt and trigger ovulation.

If you have a decreased ovarian reserve, or if your body doesn’t respond well to the stimulation medications listed above, your doctor may also prescribe omnitrope, a growth hormone whose main purpose is to improve the quality of your eggs. 

Stimulation medications are usually taken as nightly injections. If you have questions about how to self-administer, Alto’s pharmacists are available to walk you through the process via in-app messaging or over the phone. You can also view our step-by-step guides on fertility injections.

When taking stimulation medications, you may experience some of the following known side effects:

Soreness, redness, or mild bruising at the site of injection

Consult with your doctor or pharmacist if you have any concerns about your side effects.

Once eggs are released from the ovaries — known as ovulation — they cannot be retrieved by your doctor and used for the fertilization process, so ovulation suppression medications are critical to completing an IVF cycle. If your fertility journey involves an egg donor or gestational carrier, this type of medication may also be used to coordinate cycles.

Cetrotide/Fyramedel™ (ganirelix acetate)

These fertility medications work against a hormone called GnRH — which helps produce the ovary-stimulating hormones LH and FSH — to help prevent premature ovulation. Some of the common side effects are abdominal discomfort, headaches, and soreness at the site of injection.

This fertility medication stimulates an initial surge in LH and FSH but ultimately causes the body to stop production of these hormones during a process called downregulation. Common side effects include hot flashes, headaches, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.

Once ovulation suppression medications are added to the schedule on top of the stimulators, some people develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OSH). In this condition, overproduction of follicles causes extreme swelling or pain in the ovaries. Your doctor may recommend taking medication to help control symptoms or canceling treatment until a future cycle.

In IVF, after your doctor has completed the egg retrieval, the eggs are fertilized and then transferred to your uterus through a quick, non-surgical procedure. In this stage of the process, your doctor may prescribe progesterone and/or estrogen supplements.

Progesterone is a natural hormone produced by your ovaries after ovulation. It supports the lining of the uterus, making it easier for an embryo to become implanted. You might take vaginal, oral, or injectable progesterone, or a combination of different forms. These are some common progesterone medications:

Progesterone capsules, suppositories, lozenges

Watch out for the following common progesterone side effects:

Soreness or swelling at the site of injection, if taking progesterone injections

Vaginal itching or burning and yeast infection, if taking suppositories

Progesterone injections may also cause hard welts at the site of injection, though this is a less common side effect.

Estrogen is also a natural hormone that thickens the uterine lining. In IVF, estrogen is used to help the body prepare for implantation, often in the form of estradiol topical patches. The following side effects may occur. Consult with your doctor if you have any concerns.

Redness or irritation in the skin covered by the patch

Constipation, bloating, or stomach cramps  

Cold symptoms (stuffy nose, sinus pain, or sore throat) 

The IVF medication schedule is precisely timed. To learn more about how these medications will be used in the context of your cycle, read our blog on the sequence of fertility medications in the IVF process: IVF Medications: Schedule and Side Effects Explained

Prenatal vitamins can help put your mind at ease even before pregnancy

Taking simple prenatal vitamins is one of the most effective ways to ensure that you have the nutrients you need to nourish your baby throughout your pregnancy. It’s never too early to start taking them, and by beginning early, you can ensure that your body has the key vitamins and minerals needed during the earliest stages of fetal development. 

Read What to Look for in a Prenatal Vitamin to learn more.

We’re with you at every step of your fertility journey

Starting fertility medications may feel stressful, but you’re never alone in your journey. Alto’s dedicated fertility team will work with your physician to ensure your treatment plan is followed properly. And our fertility pharmacists are always available to answer any questions or walk you through your first injections. To learn more, visit us at alto.com/fertility; or reach out any time through in-app secure messaging or by phone at 1-800-874-5881.

Whether you’re wondering if your child has asthma or they’ve already been diagnosed, here are the common symptoms to look out for, the treatment you can expect.

How to Manage Your Child’s Asthma

Of the over 19 million people who have asthma in the United States, nearly 6 million of them are children. This chronic disease makes it hard to breathe and thus can affect every aspect of your child’s life, from school to play. And with allergy season just around the corner, you might hear extra coughing and sneezing around the house. Whether you’re wondering if your child has asthma or they’ve already been diagnosed, here are the common symptoms to look out for, the treatment you can expect, and the impact COVID-19 could have on those with asthma.

What are the signs my child might have asthma?

The signs and symptoms of asthma can vary by child but, in general, some common signs your child might have the disease include coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. The severity of these will also vary, with some cases being mild and manageable and more severe cases requiring emergency care.

Symptoms appear when your child is exposed to triggers like pollen or smoke. Triggers cause the airways to become inflamed, which causes swelling and mucus production, and leads to an overall narrowing of the air passageway making it harder to breathe and leading to the above symptoms. 

Since symptoms of asthma can be signs of other ailments as well, it can be difficult to always know if what your child is experiencing is asthma. Coughing, for example, can also be a symptom of a cold or the flu. Another asthmatic symptom—wheezing—could also be caused by bronchitis or another respiratory problem. 

This is where other asthmatic signs like your child saying “I’m always coughing” or “My chest feels funny,” can be helpful. Either way, if your child shows any of these symptoms, it can be a good idea to make an appointment with your doctor so your child can start getting treatment if needed.

Your doctor will likely use a few different methods to test if your child has asthma. First, they’ll ask for your child’s medical history, where they can share symptoms and any triggers they may have noticed. Then the doctor will conduct a physical exam which will look at your child’s nose and throat, their breathing, and skin for any signs of allergic conditions. They may also conduct a series of lung function tests and a chest or sinus X-ray.

The doctor will then look at the results of these tests to discern if your child has asthma and what type. From there, they will develop a treatment plan based on the type and severity of your child’s symptoms.

A quick-relief inhaler may be enough to keep symptoms under control for mild cases of asthma. Depending on how your child is doing, more treatments can be added if needed. Maintenance treatments can help reduce the need for quick-relief inhalers. In fact, how often these inhalers are used is an indicator of asthma control for doctors and can help them determine the proper treatment plan. 

The second main aspect of treatment is avoiding triggers. The most common triggers include irritants such as air pollution, cold air, odors or smoke, as well as mold, dust mites, and pollen. Other triggers include sinus infections, exercise, heartburn, and allergic reactions.

Since the world is unpredictable, you can’t always control triggers, but you can take certain measures to help keep them in check, such as changing your diet when food reactions occur, minimizing smoking, and requesting an indoor air assessment. A variety of virtual asthma education classes and workshops are also offered online to help you learn best practices when it comes to prevention and treatment. 

What effect does COVID-19 have on my child’s asthma?

According to the CDC, those with moderate to severe asthma may be at an increased risk for more severe illness from the virus that causes COVID-19. To help reduce your risk, it’s recommended that you continue taking your current medicines, including any inhalers with corticosteroids in them. The CDC also recommends that you keep a 30-day supply of your asthma medications on hand so you don’t risk running out if you fall sick, need to quarantine, or otherwise can’t make it to the pharmacy.

In addition to these asthma-specific strategies, the everyday COVID-19 protocols of wearing a mask, socially distancing, and avoiding large crowds should be followed. If you’re worried that wearing a mask might affect asthma symptoms, research that came out last month showed that wearing a mask did not affect oxygen levels, regardless of whether the wearer had asthma or not. 

If you have concerns about your condition or think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, you should call your healthcare provider. If you don’t have a provider, you can contact your nearest community health center or health department. 

Many people live normal lives with proper asthma management. A good treatment plan, guidance from your doctor, and a reliable pharmacy can help you manage your child’s symptoms so they can keep doing most of those everyday activities they enjoy. 

We’re here to help your child breathe easier

Whether you need to get your child’s first inhaler or obtain prescription refills, Alto is here every step of the way. Our pharmacists are on hand to answer any questions and our pharmacies around the country are fully stocked with asthma medications. We’re prepared and ready to deliver your medicines throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure safety, we offer free, contactless drop-offs for every prescription, so you can get your refills on time in the comfort of your home. Reach out any time via in-app secure messaging or phone at 1-800-874-5881.

Despite its reputation, cholesterol is not inherently bad. Our pharmacists explain what is meant by good and bad cholesterol and how to maintain healthy cholesterol levels.

Cholesterol 101: The Good vs. The Bad (And What to Do About It)

Despite its reputation, cholesterol is not inherently bad. In fact, some cholesterol is not only good but necessary for our health. Your body needs cholesterol to build cells, help with digestion, and produce hormones. The problem comes when you have too much of the bad type of cholesterol. This can put you at risk for coronary heart disease, a heart attack, or a stroke. Here’s what you need to know to help keep your cholesterol levels in check and healthy. 

Cholesterol is a soft, waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in your bloodstream and in your cells. Since it doesn’t dissolve in the blood, proteins—called lipoproteins—carry cholesterol to where it is needed in the body. Lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol and triglycerides, which are a type of fat the body uses as an energy source, just like carbohydrates. 

Cholesterol comes from two sources: your liver and certain foods you eat, like meat, poultry, and dairy. Your liver, however, makes all the cholesterol your body needs for your cells, digestion, and hormones.

What is meant by good and bad cholesterol?

There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). LDL is also called “bad cholesterol” because it can build up on the walls of your blood vessels, increasing your risk of a heart attack or stroke. HDL, on the other hand, is considered “good cholesterol” because it can help clear these buildups by removing the bad cholesterol from your body.

Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke. So, in general, you want to have higher HDL levels and lower LDL levels to keep your heart healthy. A blood test can measure the amount of each type of cholesterol in your blood. In general, the Cleveland Clinic recommends that you keep your total cholesterol under 200 mg/dL, your LDL cholesterol under 100 mg/dL and your HDL cholesterol over 50 mg/DL for women and under 40 mg/dL for men.

How can I maintain healthy cholesterol levels?

Keeping your cholesterol levels in check and maintaining good heart health primarily comes down to your diet and lifestyle. Here are the American Heart Association’s (AHA) recommendations for what to load up on and what to avoid. 

Whole-grain foods (bread, pasta, brown rice)

Lean meats and poultry without skin. If you choose red meat and pork, select “loin” and “round” options to help minimize the amount of fat. 

Fish like salmon, trout, tuna, and sardines

Unsalted nuts, seeds, and legumes (dried beans or peas)

Non-tropical vegetable oils like olive, corn, canola, or safflower oils

Full-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, ice cream, butter, and cheese)

Baked goods made with saturated and trans fats like donuts, cakes, and cookies

Foods with “hydrogenated oils” in the ingredients

Tropical oils like coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils

Solid fats like shortening, stick margarine, and lard

What other lifestyle choices can help improve my heart health?

Fortunately, the go-to practices for keeping your heart healthy are a lot of the same ones that are recommended for keeping the rest of your body (and brain) tuned up. Here are four lifestyle choices to consider to support your heart health.

Studies show lacing up those sneakers is key to a healthy heart. Frequent exercise has been associated with a decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as low blood pressure and higher insulin sensitivity. The AHA recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week like taking a brisk walk in the neighborhood, going for a bike ride, or doing yard work.

2. Reduce stress.
Studies suggest that meditation and mindfulness can help improve everything from your stress levels and blood pressure to your sleep quality and emotional health. Having a furry friend around could also help lower your blood pressure, as well as improve your physical and emotional health by helping you stay more active and social.

3. Get good sleep.
If you’ve ever had a night of poor sleep, you already know the many ways that puts you in a slump. Sleep issues like not sleeping enough, sleep apnea, and insomnia can increase the risk of obesity, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Regular exercise, limited screen time before bed, and a consistent sleep schedule can all help improve your sleep. 

Quitting smoking and drinking alcohol in moderation have both been linked to higher levels of good cholesterol. For alcohol, the CDC recommends limiting your intake to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men. 

To learn more about ways to keep your heart healthy, you can also tune into the American Heart Association podcast that covers everything from managing cholesterol to practicing meditation. But before you go about making any major lifestyle changes or if you have concerns about your heart health, it’s important to first consult with your doctor to decide what’s best for you.

It’s important to be your own advocate when it comes to your health and we’re here to support you with exceptional pharmacy care every step of the way. If your doctor prescribes cholesterol-lowering medications or other heart medications, our pharmacists would be happy to walk you through dosage instructions and answer your questions. We’ll also help you get the lowest price by looking for any available savings, as well as deliver your medications to your home for free. Simply tell your doctor to send your new prescription to Alto or contact our care team, and we’ll transfer your existing prescriptions for you.

The health of your gut can impact everything from your mood to your immunity. Here’s what you need to know and how you can keep your gut healthy.

Why Gut Health Is Key (and How To Improve Yours)

You may have noticed in recent years that the topic of gut health seems to come up a lot more in conversation and health news. Why is that? Over the past decade, scientists have been learning that your gastrointestinal (GI) system—of which your gut is a key part—does a lot more than just move food through your body. And that the health of your gut can impact everything from your mood to your immunity. Here’s what you need to know and how you can keep your gut healthy.

Gut Health 101: What It Is and Why It’s Important

Your body is full of trillions of microorganisms that make up your microbiome. Many of these microorganisms are bacteria. Some are harmful and associated with disease, while others are beneficial and key to your health. The ‘gut microbiome’ refers to the bacteria that live in the part of your GI tract where digestion happens—your large and small intestines—where, at any given time, we have between  300 and 500 different species of bacteria living. 

While everyone’s microbiome is unique, a general indicator of a healthy one is having a diversity of bacteria. In unhealthy people, scientists have observed much less diversity although they don’t know for certain which comes first—the bacteria or the disease. 

Inflammation, which studies point to as the root of many diseases, is kept in check in the gut. When the balance of your microbiome gets out of whack, inflammatory bacteria can take charge and, via metabolites, spread inflammation throughout your body. This can affect your brain, heart, and immune system function as well as your skin, weight, and ability to absorb nutrients. 

Having a healthy gut, on the other hand, has been linked to a stronger immune system, reduced symptoms of depression, lower risks of heart disease and certain cancers, as well as reduced symptoms of arthritis. 

So how do we keep our gut healthy? As with many other aspects of health, it largely boils down to the foods we eat and the lifestyle choices we make. Other factors like medication and emotional stress could also play a role. 

To start improving your gut health, it’s helpful to first look at what might be wreaking havoc on your microbiome. While there are many different symptoms that could point to an unhealthy gut, here are the most common.

Upset stomach
Signs of an upset stomach can include gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and heartburn. When your gut is in balance, these symptoms should reduce, since your gut will have an easier time digesting and eliminating your food.

Poor sleep (or constant fatigue)
Serotonin, the sleep and mood hormone, is mainly produced in the gut. An imbalance in your gut can impair serotonin production and affect the quality of your sleep. 

Weight changes
Poor gut health can affect your body’s ability to absorb nutrients, regulate blood sugar, and store fat. Decreased nutrient absorption can result in the urge to overeat and unintentional weight gain. On the other hand, a bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine could cause weight loss.

Skin irritation
When your gut is inflamed, certain bacteria and toxins can leak out into the body, which could irritate your skin.

Autoimmune conditions
As mentioned earlier, research suggests that an unhealthy gut can lead to an inflammatory response in the body and affect your immune function. This could make you more susceptible to autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease where the body attacks itself rather than harmful invaders. 

Food intolerances
It’s theorized that food intolerances can result from an imbalance in the gut. When you’re intolerant to a certain food, you may experience symptoms like bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and nausea.

A high-sugar diet
Sugar, often linked to inflammation in the body, can decrease the amount of good bacteria in the gut. This can cause more sugar cravings, making the situation worse.

You don’t necessarily have to keep your gut under a daily microscope, but following some general health practices—from keeping a balanced diet to getting a good night’s sleep—can go a long way. Your healthcare practitioner can also give gut health recommendations. Here are some common lifestyle choices that research shows can improve gut health. 

Chronic stress can wreak havoc on your whole body, including your gut. Some ways to reduce stress can include exercise, meditation, yoga, connecting with friends or family, and decreasing caffeine consumption.

Having a good pre-bed routine can be as important as the sleep itself. Your pre-bed routine could include minimizing screen time and exercise. In terms of the ideal amount of sleep to log, the National Sleep Foundation has recommendations based on your age. 

3. Avoid smoking
Studies have found that smoking can increase the amount of potentially harmful bacteria in your gut, while decreasing the amount of good bacteria. It’s also been shown to affect heart and lung health, as well as increase your risk of cancer. 

Water helps everything from digestion to carrying nutrients to your cells. And it can help maintain the balance of good bacteria in your gut. Drinking at least four to six cups a day is recommended. 

5. Take a probiotic or prebiotic
Probiotics are live, good bacteria that can come in pill form or from foods like yogurt. Though the science is still out on the extent of the pills efficacy, there seems to be a general consensus that adding a probiotic can be a good idea to help restore your gut’s balance. Prebiotics are the food that probiotics can eat and are usually fiber-rich. Having prebiotics in your gut can help promote the growth of the good bacteria. 

6. Exercise regularly 
Working out may help increase gut health by growing the diversity of good bacteria in your gut. How much should you exercise? For general adults, the recommendation is at least 150 minutes a week or 20 minutes per day. 

Minimize the amount of foods in your diet that are processed or high in sugar or fat—all of which can lead to increased inflammation in the body. When it comes to gut-healthy foods, diversity is key. Here’s what studies show are best for your gut:

Fiber-rich foods like legumes, beans, peas, oats, bananas, asparagus, and berries

Fermented foods like kimchi, sauerkraut, yogurt, kombucha, tempeh, miso, and kefir

Garlic and onion which may also help minimize the risks of certain cancers as well as boost the immune system

Blog

Common Types of Blood Pressure Medications

The Purpose of Glucagon in Diabetes Treatment

Fertility Medications 101

How to Manage Your Child’s Asthma

Cholesterol 101: The Good vs. The Bad (And What to Do About It)

Why Gut Health Is Key (and How To Improve Yours)

Using Your Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device

All About the Thyroid

Understanding Insulin: The Basics

Coming Out with Pride: Nicholas Satow Shares His Story

Immunity-Boosting Tips for Fall

Aging Well at any Age: Our Pharmacists Weigh in

Switch to a better pharmacy.